超对称性与观测：暗物质约束、全局拟合和统计问题
Supersymmetry vis-à-vis Observation: Dark Matter Constraints, Global Fits and Statistical Issues
摘要：
弱尺度超对称性是粒子物理学标准模型之外最受欢迎的理论之一，它优雅地解决了粒子物理学和宇宙学中的各种理论和观测问题。在这篇论文中，我描述了超对称性的理论基础，它可以解决的问题和具体的超对称模型，被广泛应用于唯象学研究。我将讨论如何超对称模型的预测可以与观测数据从对撞机和宇宙学。我为什么超对称参数的直接和间接搜索粒子暗物质的约束在这方面特别感兴趣。费米卫星对天体物理源，特别是矮球状星系的伽马射线观测，以及未来吨级直接探测实验记录核反冲事件和能量，都表明为寻找超对称暗物质和估计超对称参数提供了强有力的工具。我讨论了一些主要的统计问题，在超对称的全球适合实验数据。特别是，我进一步证明，现有的先进扫描技术可能无法正确映射的参数空间的统计特性，即使是最简单的超对称模型。提出了基于遗传算法的互补扫描方法。
英文摘要：
Weak-scale supersymmetry is one of the most favoured theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics that elegantly solves various theoretical and observational problems in both particle physics and cosmology. In this thesis, I describe the theoretical foundations of supersymmetry, issues that it can address and concrete supersymmetric models that are widely used in phenomenological studies. I discuss how the predictions of supersymmetric models may be compared with observational data from both colliders and cosmology. I show why constraints on supersymmetric parameters by direct and indirect searches of particle dark matter are of particular interest in this respect. Gamma-ray observations of astrophysical sources, in particular dwarf spheroidal galaxies, by the Fermi satellite, and recording nuclear recoil events and energies by future ton-scale direct detection experiments are shown to provide powerful tools in searches for supersymmetric dark matter and estimating supersymmetric parameters. I discuss some major statistical issues in supersymmetric global fits to experimental data. In particular, I further demonstrate that existing advanced scanning techniques may fail in correctly mapping the statistical properties of the parameter spaces even for the simplest supersymmetric models. Complementary scanning methods based on Genetic Algorithms are proposed.
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