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arXiv 1111.0020astro-ph.CO
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星系团外围的气体分布

The gas distribution in the outer regions of galaxy clusters

D. Eckert, F. Vazza, S. Ettori, S. Molendi, D. Nagai, E. T. Lau, M. Roncarelli, M. Rossetti, S. L. Snowden, F. Gastaldello

摘要:

本文分析了31个星系团的局部(z = 0.04 - 0.2)样品,目的是测量星系团外围的X射线发射气体密度。我们比较我们的结果与数值模拟设置的方位角对称性和气体聚集在星系团的外部区域的约束。我们利用ROSAT/PSPC的大视场和低仪器背景来追踪团内气体的密度到维里半径。我们进行了堆叠的密度分布,以检测超过r200的信号,并测量集群郊区的典型密度和散射。我们还计算了方位角散射的配置文件相对于平均值,寻找偏离球面对称。最后,我们比较我们的平均密度和散射剖面的数值模拟的结果。与最近的一些朱雀结果相反,并证实了ROSAT和钱德拉以前的证据,我们观察到超过\sim r500的密度分布变陡。比较我们的密度分布与模拟,我们发现,非辐射运行预测太陡的密度分布,而运行包括额外的物理和/或治疗气体结块更好地与观察到的气体分布。我们首次报告了超出\sim 0.3 r200的冷核心和非冷核心集群之间系统差异的高置信度检测,我们通过两个类别中气体的不同分布来解释这一点。在\sim r500之外,星系团明显偏离球对称,在松弛和扰动系统之间只有很小的差异。我们发现观察到的和预测的散射轮廓之间的良好的协议,但只有当1%的dennium团块被过滤掉的模拟。[删节]

英文摘要:

We present the analysis of a local (z = 0.04 - 0.2) sample of 31 galaxy clusters with the aim of measuring the density of the X-ray emitting gas in cluster outskirts. We compare our results with numerical simulations to set constraints on the azimuthal symmetry and gas clumping in the outer regions of galaxy clusters. We exploit the large field-of-view and low instrumental background of ROSAT/PSPC to trace the density of the intracluster gas out to the virial radius. We perform a stacking of the density profiles to detect a signal beyond r200 and measure the typical density and scatter in cluster outskirts. We also compute the azimuthal scatter of the profiles with respect to the mean value to look for deviations from spherical symmetry. Finally, we compare our average density and scatter profiles with the results of numerical simulations. As opposed to some recent Suzaku results, and confirming previous evidence from ROSAT and Chandra, we observe a steepening of the density profiles beyond \sim r500. Comparing our density profiles with simulations, we find that non-radiative runs predict too steep density profiles, whereas runs including additional physics and/or treating gas clumping are in better agreement with the observed gas distribution. We report for the first time the high-confidence detection of a systematic difference between cool-core and non-cool core clusters beyond \sim 0.3r200, which we explain by a different distribution of the gas in the two classes. Beyond \sim r500, galaxy clusters deviate significantly from spherical symmetry, with only little differences between relaxed and disturbed systems. We find good agreement between the observed and predicted scatter profiles, but only when the 1% densest clumps are filtered out in the simulations. [Abridged]

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