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arXiv 1109.6593astro-ph.CO
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模糊的AGN附近的恒星形成:初始质量函数的变化

Star formation near an obscured AGN: Variations in the initial mass function

S. Hocuk, M. Spaans

摘要:

在辐射和机械活跃的环境中,影响恒星形成的条件与适用于我们本地星际邻居的条件完全不同。在这样的银河系环境中,各种反馈过程可以在塑造初始质量函数(IMF)方面发挥重要作用。在这里,我们提出了一个数值研究的吸积黑洞的影响和附近的大质量恒星的坍缩,800 M_太阳,分子云在10 pc的距离黑洞的影响。我们parametrize和研究辐射反馈效应的硬X射线从黑洞宽线区域,宇宙射线率增加,由于超新星在星爆,和附近的大质量恒星产生的强紫外线辐射。我们还研究了当恒星形成云围绕超大质量(10^6-10^8 M_太阳)黑洞运行时,来自黑洞的剪切作用的重要性,发现X射线产生的热压力压缩了黑洞云,这导致了早期的高恒星形成率,但由于气体蒸发耗尽,整体恒星形成率降低到7%左右。我们看到,对于具有最高X射线通量(160 erg s^-1 cm^-2)的模型,IMF的翻转质量增加到2.3倍,M_turn = 1-1.5 M_sun,而IMF的高质量斜率变为Gamma >-1。这导致更多的高质量恒星和非萨尔彼得IMF。宇宙射线深入云内,使气体温度升高(50-200 K),导致低质量恒星形成效率降低。高宇宙射线率增加了恒星的平均质量,从而将转换质量转移到更高的值,即,达到几个太阳质量。由于这个过程,恒星形成的开始也被推迟了。我们的结论是,IMF内的活动星系是不同的一个从本地环境。

英文摘要:

The conditions that affect the formation of stars in radiatively and mechanically active environments are quite different than the conditions that apply to our local interstellar neighborhood. In such galactic environments, a variety of feedback processes can play a significant role in shaping the initial mass function (IMF). Here, we present a numerical study on the effects of an accreting black hole and the influence of nearby massive stars to a collapsing, 800 M_sun, molecular cloud at 10 pc distance from the black hole. We parametrize and study radiative feedback effects of hard X-rays emanating from the black hole broad line region, increased cosmic ray rates due to supernovae in starbursts, and strong UV radiation produced by nearby massive stars. We also investigate the importance of shear from the supermassive, 10^6-10^8 M_sun, black hole as the star-forming cloud orbits around it. We find that thermal pressure from X-rays compresses the cloud, which induces a high star formation rate early on, but reduces the overall star formation efficiency to about 7% due to gas depletion by evaporation. We see that the turn-over mass of the IMF increases up to a factor of 2.3, M_turn = 1-1.5 M_sun, for the model with the highest X-ray flux (160 erg s^-1 cm^-2), while the high-mass slope of the IMF becomes Gamma > -1. This results in more high mass stars and a non-Salpeter IMF. Cosmic rays penetrate deeply into the cloud and increase the gas temperature (50-200 K), which leads to a reduced formation efficiency of low mass stars. High cosmic ray rates increase the average mass of stars, thereby shifting the turn-over mass to higher values, i.e., up to several solar masses. Due to this process, the onset of star formation is also delayed. We conclude that the IMF inside active galaxies is different than the one obtained from local environments.

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