OPERA超光速中微子现象学的环境第五力假说的绕地球轨道运动的约束
Constraints from orbital motions around the Earth of the environmental fifth-force hypothesis for the OPERA superluminal neutrino phenomenology
摘要：
Dvali和Vikman最近提出，OPERA实验中的中微子超光速现象可能是由于地球的环境特征，自然产生了一种引力源的长程第五力，它与中微子的耦合由标度M_*（以约化普朗克质量为单位）决定。它的特征长度λ不应小于一个地球半径R_e，其上界应略小于地月距离（60 R_e）。本文解析地计算了Yukawa型第五种力对实验粒子在中心体修正场中运动的轨道效应。我们的结果是相当普遍的，因为它们不限于任何特定的λ的大小;此外，它们对粒子的任意轨道构型都是有效的，即对粒子的任何偏心率值$e$都是有效的。通过对LAGEOS II卫星激光数据的分析，发现当1 R_e <= lambda <= 10 R_e时，无量纲强度耦合参数α约束为|alpha| <= 1 10^-10-4 10^-9，对应于M_* >= 4 10 ^-9-1.6 10^-10。月球近地点允许在15 R_e <= lambda <= 60 R_e范围内获得地月对的|alpha| <= 3 10^-11，即M_* >= 3 10 ^- 4.5 10 ^-10。我们的结果既不局限于OPERA超光速情形，也不局限于Dvali-Vikman模型，在Dvali-Vikman模型中，λ = 1 R_e时，M_* = 10^-6，这与我们的界限相反：它们通常可以扩展到任何暗示Yukawa型第五种力的理论情形。
英文摘要：
It has been recently suggested by Dvali and Vikman that the superluminal neutrino phenomenology of the OPERA experiment may be due to an environmental feature of the Earth, naturally yielding a long-range fifth force of gravitational origin whose coupling with the neutrino is set by the scale M_*, in units of reduced Planck mass. Its characteristic length lambda should not be smaller than one Earth's radius R_e, while its upper bound is expected to be slightly smaller than the Earth-Moon distance (60 R_e). We analytically work out some orbital effects of a Yukawa-type fifth force for a test particle moving in the modified field of a central body. Our results are quite general since they are not restricted to any particular size of lambda; moreover, they are valid for an arbitrary orbital configuration of the particle, i.e. for any value of its eccentricity $e$. We find that the dimensionless strength coupling parameter alpha is constrained to |alpha| <= 1 10^-10-4 10^-9 for 1 R_e <= lambda <= 10 R_e by the laser data of the Earth's artificial satellite LAGEOS II, corresponding to M_* >= 4 10^9 -1.6 10^10. The Moon perigee allows to obtain |alpha| <= 3 10^-11 for the Earth-Moon pair in the range 15 R_e <= lambda <= 60 R_e, which translates as M_* >= 3 10^10 - 4.5 10^10. Our results are neither necessarily limited to the superluminal OPERA scenario nor to the Dvali-Vikman model, in which it is M_* = 10^-6 at lambda = 1 R_e, in contrast with our bounds: they generally extend to any theoretical scenario implying a fifth-force of Yukawa-type.
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