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行星质量伴星GSC 06214-00210 b周围的盘:宽轨道上气体巨星形成的线索

A Disk Around the Planetary-Mass Companion GSC 06214-00210 b: Clues About the Formation of Gas Giants on Wide Orbits

Brendan P. Bowler, Michael C. Liu, Adam L. Kraus, Andrew W. Mann, Michael J. Ireland

摘要:

我们提出了凯克/OSIRIS 1.1-1.8微米自适应光学积分场光谱的行星质量的同伴GSC 06214-00210,一个成员的~5百万年上天蝎座OB协会。我们推断L0+/-1的光谱型,并且我们的光谱显示出多个年轻的迹象。最显著的特征是异常强烈的PaBeta发射(EW=-11.4 +/- 0.3 A),这表明存在一个环行星吸积盘。GSC 06214-00210 b的光度加上它的年龄,产生了14 +/- 2 MJup的质量,使它成为最低质量的伴星。由于预计的距离为320天文单位,GSC 06214-00210 b和其他质量非常低的伴星在类似宽轨道上的形成尚不清楚。一个被提出的机制是在近距离形成,然后行星-行星散射到更大的轨道。由于这种情况涉及到与另一个大质量天体的近距离接触,这可能对环行星盘具有破坏性,因此GSC 06214-00210 b过去不太可能经历过散射事件。这意味着行星-行星散射并不是宽轨道上气体巨星数量的唯一原因。更一般地说,在宽轨道上识别年轻行星伴星周围的盘提供了一种新的方法来限制这些物体的形成路径,这对于单个系统来说是非常困难的。我们还完善了光谱型的主要从M1到K7,并检测到一个温和的(2-西格玛)在22微米使用WISE光度过剩。

英文摘要:

We present Keck/OSIRIS 1.1-1.8 um adaptive optics integral field spectroscopy of the planetary-mass companion to GSC 06214-00210, a member of the ~5 Myr Upper Scorpius OB association. We infer a spectral type of L0+/-1, and our spectrum exhibits multiple signs of youth. The most notable feature is exceptionally strong PaBeta emission (EW=-11.4 +/- 0.3 A) which signals the presence of a circumplanetary accretion disk. The luminosity of GSC 06214-00210 b combined with its age yields a model-dependent mass of 14 +/- 2 MJup, making it the lowest-mass companion to show evidence of a disk. With a projected separation of 320 AU, the formation of GSC 06214-00210 b and other very low-mass companions on similarly wide orbits is unclear. One proposed mechanism is formation at close separations followed by planet-planet scattering to much larger orbits. Since that scenario involves a close encounter with another massive body, which is probably destructive to circumplanetary disks, it is unlikely that GSC 06214-00210 b underwent a scattering event in the past. This implies that planet-planet scattering is not solely responsible for the population of gas giants on wide orbits. More generally, the identification of disks around young planetary companions on wide orbits offers a novel method to constrain the formation pathway of these objects, which is otherwise notoriously difficult to do for individual systems. We also refine the spectral type of the primary from M1 to K7 and detect a mild (2-sigma) excess at 22 um using WISE photometry.

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