受冲击的常规多变气体包层周围的动态空穴
Dynamic Voids Surrounded by Shocked Conventional Polytropic Gas Envelopes
摘要：
通过适当的物理机制，从自引力多方气体球的中心周围输入能量和动量，可能会出现一个质量非常小的中心球形“空隙”或“空腔”或“气泡”，然后动态地扩展到周围各种更大质量的气体包层中，无论是否有冲击。我们探讨了自相似演化的自引力多方流体动力学流的球对称与这样一个不断扩大的“空洞”嵌入周围的中心。支持一个大规模的信封的空隙边界代表了压力平衡的接触不连续的质量密度和温度发生剧烈变化。我们得到的数值空洞的解决方案，可以跨越声波的临界表面顺利或冲击。使用传统的多方状态方程，我们构建了全球空洞的解决方案与冲击旅行到各种信封，包括静态多方球，流出，流入，微风和收缩类型。在超新星的背景下，我们讨论了一个中心塌陷的紧凑的对象从一个外向的气体信封与一个强大的空洞在动态膨胀分离的可能方案。最初，一个中心气泡是由一个非常强大的中微子层雕刻出来的。在退耦过程中中微子逃逸后，强电磁辐射场和/或电子-正电子对等离子体继续驱动腔膨胀。在一个自相似的动态演变，跨接触不连续的压力随着时间的推移而降低到一个可以忽略不计的水平，足够长的时间流逝，最终，气体包层继续扩大的惯性。我们使用$ε>0$描述多变指数$γ=4/3-ε$的模型案例，并讨论相关要求来证明我们提出的场景的合理性。
英文摘要：
With proper physical mechanisms of energy and momentum input from around the centre of a self-gravitating polytropic gas sphere, a central spherical "void" or "cavity" or "bubble" of very much less mass contents may emerge and then dynamically expand into a variety of surrounding more massive gas envelopes with or without shocks. We explore self-similar evolution of a self-gravitating polytropic hydrodynamic flow of spherical symmetry with such an expanding "void" embedded around the center. The void boundary supporting a massive envelope represents a pressure-balanced contact discontinuity where drastic changes in mass density and temperature occur. We obtain numerical void solutions that can cross the sonic critical surface either smoothly or by shocks. Using the conventional polytropic equation of state, we construct global void solutions with shocks travelling into various envelopes including static polytropic sphere, outflow, inflow, breeze and contraction types. In the context of supernovae, we discuss the possible scenario of separating a central collapsing compact object from an outgoing gas envelope with a powerful void in dynamic expansion. Initially, a central bubble is carved out by an extremely powerful neutrinosphere. After the escape of neutrinos during the decoupling, the strong electromagnetic radiation field and/or electron-positron pair plasma continue to drive the cavity expansion. In a self-similar dynamic evolution, the pressure across the contact discontinuity decreases with time to a negligible level for a sufficiently long lapse and eventually, the gas envelope continues to expand by inertia. We describe model cases of polytropic index $γ=4/3-ε$ with $ε>0$ and discuss pertinent requirements to justify our proposed scenario.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
