量子流体的Phase diagram。化学势的作用与凝聚现象
Phase diagram of quantum fluids. The role of the chemical potential and the phenomenon of condensation
摘要：
我们讨论了在零温度附近保持流体的纯系统的一般相图。我们称这个阶段为量子流体。我们认为，转变的签名是化学势的符号的变化，在正常阶段是负的，并成为积极的量子流体相。我们表明，这种变化的特点是由一种现象，我们称之为凝聚，其中一个宏观数量的粒子是在自己的多体基态，费米和玻色气体的共同情况。我们表明，理想的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚适合在这种情况下，但它也允许发生的情况，我们可以称之为“费米-狄拉克凝聚”。此外，我们认为，这种现象也是背后的发展超流相在真正的相互作用的流体。然而，只有相互作用系统才能将从热流体到量子流体的变化表现为真正的相变。作为一个推论，这一论点表明了“超固体”相出现的必然性。我们还表明如何这些想法可能是有用的超冷碱性气体的实验的描述。
英文摘要：
We discuss the generic phase diagrams of pure systems that remain fluid near zero temperature. We call this phase a quantum fluid. We argue that the signature of the transition is the change of sign of the chemical potential, being negative in the normal phase and becoming positive in the quantum fluid phase. We show that this change is characterized by a phenomenon that we call condensation, in which a macroscopic number of particles is in their own many-body ground state, a situation common to Fermi and Bose gases. We show that the ideal Bose-Einstein Condensation fits in this scenario, but that it also permits the occurrence of a situation that we may call "Fermi-Dirac Condensation". In addition, we argue that this phenomenon is also behind the development of superfluid phases in real interacting fluids. However, only interacting systems may show the change from a thermal fluid to a quantum one as a true phase transition. As a corollary, this argument shows the necessity of the appearance of a "supersolid" phase. We also indicate how these ideas may be useful in the description of of experiments with ultracold alkali gases.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
