隼鸟号返回大气层的摄影观测
Photographic Observations of the Hayabusa Re-entry
摘要：
我们分析了2010年6月13日13：52 UT在澳大利亚南部上空隼鸟号航天器和太空舱重返大气层的摄影观测结果。还获得了相关火球亮度的辐射测量结果。我们推导出了航天器、它的四个碎片和太空舱的轨迹和速度。返回舱的轨迹与日本宇宙航空研究开发机构在重返前预测的轨迹相差几百米。航天器轨道比太空舱轨道高出约1公里。两个主要碎片在约62公里的高度与航天器分离，相互横向速度为250米/秒。火球的最大绝对星等为-12.6，在67公里的高度达到。在碎裂点作用在航天器上的动压只有1 - 50千帕。在47公里高度以下没有发现任何航天器碎片。该事件的整体发光效率为1.3%。正如预期的那样，胶囊具有非常低的发光效率和非常低的烧蚀系数。讨论了主要航天器碎片的烧蚀系数和质量。
英文摘要：
We analyzed photographic observations of the re-entry of the Hayabusa spacecraft and capsule over Southern Australia on June 13, 2010, 13:52 UT. Radiometric measurements of the brightness of the associated fireball were obtained as well. We derived the trajectories and velocities of the spacecraft, its four fragments and the capsule. The capsule trajectory was within a few hundred meters of the trajectory predicted by JAXA prior the re-entry. The spacecraft trajectory was about 1 km higher than the capsule trajectory. Two major fragments separated from the spacecraft at a height of about 62 km with mutual lateral velocity of 250 m/s. The maximum absolute magnitude of the fireball of -12.6 was reached at a height of 67 km. The dynamic pressures acting on the spacecraft at the fragmentation points were only 1 - 50 kPa. No spacecraft fragment was seen to survive below the height of 47 km. The integral luminous efficiency of the event was 1.3%. As expected, the capsule had a very low luminous efficiency and very low ablation coefficient. The ablation coefficients and masses of the major spacecraft fragments are discussed.
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