没有来自最远类星体的量子引力信号
No quantum gravity signature from the farthest quasars
摘要：
内容：弦理论和其他描述时空量子特性的理论认为，时空可能呈现泡沫结构，而且在某些情况下，量子引力（QG）可能在远低于普朗克尺度的能量下显现。可观察到的影响之一可能是远源衍射图像的退化。目的：我们寻找这种退化效应，造成QG波动，在哈勃太空望远镜观测到的最远的类星体（QSO）的光的时空泡沫和QG模型的波动设置新的限制的目的。研究方法：我们开发了一个软件，估计和比较的相位变化的干涉图案的高红移类星体，从快照调查的HST-SDSS，与那些预计不会受到QG效应的恒星。我们使用一个双参数函数来确定每个测试星和类星体的衍射图样的最大值，并计算Strehl比。结果：我们的结果远远超出了文献中已经出现的结果。通过采用最保守的方法，其中考虑了校正项，该校正项描述了长距离累积的时空波动的可能性，并部分补偿了相位变化的影响。我们排除了随机游走模型和大多数时空泡沫的全息模型。在不考虑这些修正项的情况下，所有主要的QG场景都被排除在外。最后，我们的结果表明，QG效应没有任何方向依赖性，宇宙学原理与一个独立的方法的有效性;也就是说，在大尺度上看，宇宙的属性是相同的所有观察者，包括时空波动的影响。
英文摘要：
Context: Strings and other alternative theories describing the quantum properties of space-time suggest that space-time could present a foamy structure and also that, in certain cases, quantum gravity (QG) may manifest at energies much below the Planck scale. One of the observable effects could be the degradation of the diffraction images of distant sources. Aims: We searched for this degradation effect, caused by QG fluctuations, in the light of the farthest quasars (QSOs) observed by the Hubble Space Telescope with the aim of setting new limits on the fluctuations of the space-time foam and QG models. Methods: We developed a software that estimates and compares the phase variation in the interference patterns of the high-redshift QSOs, taken from the snapshot survey of HST-SDSS, with those of stars that are expected to not be affected by QG effects. We used a two-parameter function to determine, for each test star and QSO, the maximum of the diffraction pattern and to calculate the Strehl ratio. Results: Our results go far beyond those already present in the literature. By adopting the most conservative approach where the correction terms, that describe the possibility for space-time fluctuations cumulating across long distances and partially compensate for the effects of the phase variations, are taken into account. We exclude the random walk model and most of the holographic models of the space-time foam. Without considering these correction terms, all the main QG scenarios are excluded. Finally, our results show the absence of any directional dependence of QG effects and the validity of the cosmological principle with an independent method; that is, viewed on a large scale, the properties of the Universe are the same for all observers, including the effects of space-time fluctuations.
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