集体细胞迁移：领导、入侵和分离
Collective Cell Migration: Leadership, Invasion and Segregation
摘要：
许多生物过程，如胚胎发育、癌症转移或伤口愈合，都依赖于细胞的协同运动。然而，导致协调运动出现的机制在很大程度上仍未被探索。虽然已知生物分子信号传导参与大多数集体迁移的发生，但物理和机械相互作用的作用最近才被研究。在本文中，一个多功能的框架，细胞运动的实现，在硅片上，以研究一组上皮细胞的协调的最低要求。我们发现，细胞运动性和细胞-细胞机械相互作用足以产生广泛的行为，通常在体外和体内观察。细胞流、片层迁移和对领导细胞的易感性是从这些简单假设中自发出现的行为的例子，这可能解释为什么集体效应在自然界中如此普遍。该分析还为癌症转移和细胞分选提供了新的见解，特别是表明集体入侵可能是由于单个细胞在机械上无法入侵的系统中出现的协调。
英文摘要：
A number of biological processes, such as embryo development, cancer metastasis or wound healing, rely on cells moving in concert. The mechanisms leading to the emergence of coordinated motion remain however largely unexplored. Although biomolecular signalling is known to be involved in most occurrences of collective migration, the role of physical and mechanical interactions has only been recently investigated. In this paper, a versatile framework for cell motility is implemented in-silico in order to study the minimal requirements for the coordination of a group of epithelial cells. We find that cell motility and cell-cell mechanical interactions are sufficient to generate a broad array of behaviours commonly observed in vitro and in vivo. Cell streaming, sheet migration and susceptibility to leader cells are examples of behaviours spontaneously emerging from these simple assumptions, which might explain why collective effects are so ubiquitous in nature. This analysis provides also new insights into cancer metastasis and cell sorting, suggesting in particular that collective invasion might result from an emerging coordination in a system where single cells are mechanically unable to invade.
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