相对论碰撞中类氢和类氦铀激发的磁子能级布居和排列
Magnetic Sublevel Population and Alignment for the Excitation of H- and He-like Uranium in Relativistic Collisions
摘要：
我们测量了在相对论碰撞中，类氢和类氦铀与低Z气体靶的K壳层激发后，L壳层磁子态的排列。在这个实验中的人口分布的L-壳层磁子级已获得通过角微分研究的衰变光子与随后的去激发过程。结果表明，一个非常独特的行为的H-和He-类重系统。特别是对于类氦铀的$K \rightarrow L$激发，观察到L-壳层能级的相当大的排列。我们的实验结果与最近严格的相对论预测的比较提供了一个很好的定性和合理的定量协议，强调的重要性，磁相互作用和多体效应在强场域的高Z离子。
英文摘要：
We have measured the alignment of the L-shell magnetic-substates following the K-shell excitation of hydrogen- and helium-like uranium in relativistic collisions with a low-Z gaseous target. Within this experiment the population distribution for the L-shell magnetic sublevels has been obtained via an angular differential study of the decay photons associated with the subsequent de-excitation process. The results show a very distinctive behavior for the H- and He-like heavy systems. In particular for $K \rightarrow L$ excitation of He-like uranium, a considerable alignment of the L-shell levels was observed. A comparison of our experimental findings with recent rigorous relativistic predictions provides a good qualitative and a reasonable quantitative agreement, emphasizing the importance of the magnetic-interaction and many-body effects in the strong-field domain of high-Z ions.
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