通往现实的曲折之路
The zig-zag road to reality
摘要：
在粒子物理学的标准模型中，所有费米子基本上都是无质量的，只有当希格斯场凝聚时才获得有效的裸质量。因此，在基本的德布罗意-玻姆导波量子场论（在希格斯凝聚前后都有效）中，位置能应该归因于无质量的费米子。在我们努力建立一个无质量费米子的导波理论，这将是相关的量子非平衡研究在早期宇宙中，我们很自然地导致外尔旋量和粒子轨迹，赋予意义的“之字形”图片的电子最近讨论的彭罗斯。我们表明，一个正能量的大质量狄拉克电子给定的螺旋度可以被认为是一个叠加的正能量和负能量的外尔粒子相同的螺旋度和一个单一的大质量狄拉克电子可以在原则上移动发光在任何时候。然而，对于量子场论所要求的多体情况，这是不正确的，我们得出结论，一个更自然的理论产生于将beable状态归因于无质量狄拉克粒子的位置，而不是外尔粒子。
英文摘要：
In the standard model of particle physics, all fermions are fundamentally massless and only acquire their effective bare mass when the Higgs field condenses. Therefore, in a fundamental de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave quantum field theory (valid before and after the Higgs condensation), position beables should be attributed to massless fermions. In our endeavour to build a pilot-wave theory of massless fermions, which would be relevant for the study of quantum non-equilibrium in the early universe, we are naturally led to Weyl spinors and to particle trajectories which give meaning to the `zig-zag' picture of the electron discussed recently by Penrose. We show that a positive-energy massive Dirac electron of given helicity can be thought of as a superposition of positive and negative energy Weyl particles of the same helicity and that a single massive Dirac electron can in principle move luminally at all times. This is however not true for the many body situation required by quantum field theory and we conclude that a more natural theory arises from attributing beable status to the positions of massless Dirac particles instead of to Weyl particles.
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