地磁俘获反质子cosmic ray的发现
The discovery of geomagnetically trapped cosmic ray antiprotons
摘要：
在一些理论著作中，人们已经考虑到了地球磁层中存在大量的反质子。这些反粒子产生于高能宇宙射线与地球大气层的核相互作用，并在几百公里高空的地磁场中积累。从衰变的反中子的贡献已被假设在类比的中子衰变，这构成了在能量超过几十兆电子伏的被困质子的主要来源的质子生产。这封信报告了围绕地球的反质子辐射带的发现。用PAMELA实验测量了南大西洋异常区（SAA）中动能范围为60- 750 MeV的反质子能谱。本文还报道了辐射带外大气次截止反质子谱的测量结果。PAMELA数据显示，在目前太阳活动极小期，SAA的磁层反质子通量超过宇宙射线反质子通量三个数量级，并超过辐射带外的次截止反质子通量四个数量级，构成了地球附近最丰富的反质子源。
英文摘要：
The existence of a significant flux of antiprotons confined to Earth's magnetosphere has been considered in several theoretical works. These antiparticles are produced in nuclear interactions of energetic cosmic rays with the terrestrial atmosphere and accumulate in the geomagnetic field at altitudes of several hundred kilometers. A contribution from the decay of albedo antineutrons has been hypothesized in analogy to proton production by neutron decay, which constitutes the main source of trapped protons at energies above some tens of MeV. This Letter reports the discovery of an antiproton radiation belt around the Earth. The trapped antiproton energy spectrum in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region has been measured by the PAMELA experiment for the kinetic energy range 60--750 MeV. A measurement of the atmospheric sub-cutoff antiproton spectrum outside the radiation belts is also reported. PAMELA data show that the magnetospheric antiproton flux in the SAA exceeds the cosmic-ray antiproton flux by three orders of magnitude at the present solar minimum, and exceeds the sub-cutoff antiproton flux outside radiation belts by four orders of magnitude, constituting the most abundant source of antiprotons near the Earth.
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