论通往相对论的洛伦兹之路
On the Lorentzian route to Relativity
摘要：
我们讨论了教学中的问题与传统的方法在教学相对论和潜在价值的“洛伦兹路线相对论”，以解决这些教学问题。我们认为，洛伦兹的方法可能是介绍相对论的有价值的一部分，但历史的路线应该遵循到底。也就是说，它必须包括爱因斯坦应用奥卡姆剃刀从运动学上重新解释洛伦兹变换，以及讨论从洛伦兹的“局部时间”到时间的同时性的相对性的演变的中心作用。我们还讨论了奥卡姆剃刀不是什么，以及为什么它不应该“切得太深或太持久”。相对论教科书中的一些误导性言论，例如肯尼迪·桑代克实验和特劳顿-诺布尔实验，表明就狭义相对论实验而言，人们对前相对论（洛伦兹）和相对论观点之间的观测等价程度缺乏认识。关键词：新洛仑兹解释相对论性说教式教学教育肯尼迪桑代克特劳顿诺贝尔实验
英文摘要：
We discuss pedagogical problems associated with the conventional approach in teaching relativity and the potential value of "Lorentzian route to relativity" for addressing these pedagogical problems. We think that Lorentzian approach may be valuable part of an introduction to relativity but the historical route should be followed up to its end. It must namely include Einstein's application of Occam's razor in reinterpreting Lorentz transformations kinematically and the discussion of the central role of the evolution from Lorentz's "local time" to relativity of simultaneity. We discuss also what Occam's razor is not and why it should not cut "too deeply or too permanently". Some misleading remarks in relativity text books concerning for example Kennedy Thorndike experiment and Trouton-Noble experiment indicate the not uncommon lack of awareness about the degree observational equivalence between prerelativistic (Lorentzian) and relativistic viewpoints as far as special relativistic experiments are considered. Keywords: neo-Lorentzian interpretation relativity simultaneity didactic teaching education Kennedy Thorndike Trouton Noble experiment
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