有效环境：制备具有从正值到负值的逆温度范围的stationary states
Effective environments: Preparation of stationary states with inverse temperature ranging from positive to negative values
摘要：
在本文中，我们讨论了如何有效的环境纳入周期性测量可以用来准备一个两能级系统（TLS）在几乎任意的热状态：具体地说，我们研究了TLS耦合到自旋环境，其磁化强度是定期测量。在系综平均中，这些测量导致TLS松弛到热（对角）状态。通过调整测量和环境自旋失谐之间的时间，可以产生非常低的温度和反转。我们的分析结果得出的大环境的数值是有效的，即使是相当小的环境，只有几个自旋。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we discuss how effective environments incorporating periodic measurements can be used to prepare a two-level system (TLS) in almost arbitrary thermal states: Concretely, we study a TLS coupled to a spin environment, the magnetization of which is measured periodically. In ensemble average these measurements cause a relaxation of the TLS into a thermal (diagonal) state. By adjusting the time between the measurements and the detuning of the environmental spins, the creation of very low temperatures as well as inversion becomes possible. Our analytical results derived for large environments are numerically shown to be valid even for quite small environments, down to only a few spins.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
