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arXiv 1107.1901cs.LO
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命题等式、恒等式类型和直接计算路径

Propositional equality, identity types, and direct computational paths

Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz, Anjolina G. de Oliveira

摘要:

在证明论中,规范证明的概念是相当基本的,并且通常被认为是理所当然的,一个句子的规范证明必须是唯一的,直到某些次要的句法细节(例如,变量的变化)。当建立一个证明理论的平等之一是面临着一个相当意想不到的情况下,可能没有一个唯一的规范证明的平等声明。事实上,在(1994 - 5)建议的形式化证明命题平等的库里-霍华德风格,我们已经发现了这样一个特点。霍夫曼和施特雷彻(Hofmann & Streicher,1994)完全独立地在一个不同的环境中展示了如何建立马丁-洛夫的类型论的模型,其中恒等式类型的规范证明的唯一性不成立。这里的意图是表明,通过考虑重写和替换的序列,这是一个相当自然的事实,即两个(或更多)不同的证明可能是规范的,并且没有一个比另一个更好。通过将等式的证明看作重写(或计算)路径,这种方法将符合最近提出的类型论和同伦论之间通过单位类型的联系,因为单位类型的元素将具体地是路径(或同伦)。

英文摘要:

In proof theory the notion of canonical proof is rather basic, and it is usually taken for granted that a canonical proof of a sentence must be unique up to certain minor syntactical details (such as, e.g., change of bound variables). When setting up a proof theory for equality one is faced with a rather unexpected situation where there may not be a unique canonical proof of an equality statement. Indeed, in a (1994--5) proposal for the formalisation of proofs of propositional equality in the Curry--Howard style, we have already uncovered such a peculiarity. Totally independently, and in a different setting, Hofmann & Streicher (1994) have shown how to build a model of Martin-Löf's Type Theory in which uniqueness of canonical proofs of identity types does not hold. The intention here is to show that, by considering as sequences of rewrites and substitution, it comes a rather natural fact that two (or more) distinct proofs may be yet canonical and are none to be preferred over one another. By looking at proofs of equality as rewriting (or computational) paths this approach will be in line with the recently proposed connections between type theory and homotopy theory via identity types, since elements of identity types will be, concretely, paths (or homotopies).

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