物理真空作为一个系统在各种尺度上表现出来--从核物理学到宇宙学
Physical vacuum as a system manifesting itself on various scales - from nuclear physics to cosmology
摘要：
上升到马赫，在宇宙演化的所有时空尺度上建立宇宙物理本质的统一性的问题，显然是当代认识论的主要问题之一。这些问题主要与宇宙动力学的问题有关，即需要假设假设的实体-暗能量和暗物质，其性质是未知的，但其对宇宙能量含量的贡献约为95%。“对整个基础理论的严峻考验”是，实验确定的宇宙学常数值与物理真空的能量密度计算值相差120个数量级。关于引力的物理本质以及与其他相互作用--核相互作用、强相互作用、弱相互作用以及电磁相互作用--相比其独特的微小性的性质，也出现了尖锐的问题。将宇宙视为一个单一的整体系统，在微观尺度上也会出现足够尖锐的问题。首先，我们在这里指的是所谓的低能核反应，这是在非平衡低温等离子体条件下实现的。这种过程的基本问题通常没有得到广泛讨论，许多物理学家对实现这种过程的可能性持批评态度。我们理解当代基础物理学关键问题的主要假设，包括所指出的宇宙学问题以及一类新的电子引发的核化学过程，是引入与物理真空的电磁分量相关的基本参考系-膨胀宇宙的EM真空，选择全球时间t，对于膨胀宇宙的所有点都是共同的，并且从t = 0开始测量，这对应于大爆炸。
英文摘要：
Rising to Mach, the problem of establishing the unity of the physical essence of the Universe on all space-time scales of its evolution is, apparently, one of the main problems in contemporary epistemology. The issues are primarily related to the problems of the dynamics of the Universe, namely, the need to postulate hypothetical entities - dark energy and dark matter, whose nature is unknown, but whose contribution to the energy content of the Universe is about 95%. A "severe trial for the entire fundamental theory" turned out to be a discrepancy of 120 orders of magnitude between the experimentally established value of the cosmological constant and the calculated value of the energy density of the physical vacuum. Sharp questions arise also regarding the physical essence of gravitation and the nature of its unique smallness as compared with other interactions - nuclear ones, strong and weak, as well as electromagnetic ones. Sufficiently acute problems in the perception of the Universe as a single holistic system arise also at the level of microscales. First of all, we mean here the so called low-energy nuclear reactions, which are realized in the conditions of nonequilibrium low temperature plasma. The fundamental problems of such processes are usually not widely discussed, and many physicists are very critical of the very possibility of implementing such processes. Our main hypothesis for understanding the key problems of contemporary fundamental physics, including the indicated cosmological problems as well as a new class of electron-initiated nuclear chemical processes, is to introduce the basic reference system associated with the electromagnetic component of physical vacuum - EM vacuum of the expanding Universe, with a selection of global time t, being common for all points of the expanding Universe and measured starting from the time of t = 0, which corresponds to the Big Bang.
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