Observations of the most distant bright quasars imply that billion solar mass supermassive black holes (SMBH) have to be assembled within the first eight hundred million years. Under our standard galaxy formation scenario such fast growth implies large gas densities providing sustained accretion at critical or supercritical rates onto an initial black hole seed. It has been a long standing question whether and how such high black hole accretion rates can be achieved and sustained at the centers of early galaxies. Here we use our new cosmological hydrodynamic simulation (MassiveBlack) covering a volume (0.75 \Gpc)^3 appropriate for studying the rare first quasars to show that steady high density cold gas flows responsible for assembling the first galaxies produce the high gas densities that lead to sustained critical accretion rates and hence rapid growth commensurate with the existence of ~10^9 solar mass black holes as early as z~7. We find that under these conditions quasar feedback is not effective at stopping the cold gas from penetrating the central regions and hence cannot quench the accretion until the host galaxy reaches M_halo > 10^{12} solar masses. This cold-flow driven scenario for the formation of quasars implies that they should be ubiquitous in galaxies in the early universe and that major (proto)galaxy mergers are not a requirement for efficient fuel supply and growth, particularly for the earliest SMBHs.
A Potential Link between Nuclear Winds and Cold Gas Outflows on Kiloparsec Scales in Reionization-Era Quasars
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台）；Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）；Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University（北京大学物理学院天文学系）；Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, Fudan University（复旦大学天文与空间科学中心及物理系）；Department of Space, Earth, & Environment, Chalmers University of Technology（查尔姆斯理工大学空间、地球与环境系）；Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside（加州大学河滨分校物理与天文学系）；Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan（密歇根大学天文学系）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）
ALMA survey of a massive node of the Cosmic Web at $z\sim 3$. II. A dynamically cold and massive disk galaxy in the proximity of a hyperluminous quasar
One H2 molecule per ten million H-atoms reveals sub-pc scale cold overdensities at z~4
NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre（加拿大国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天文学和天体物理学研究中心）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台）；IFPU - Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）；National Institute for Nuclear Physics（国家核物理研究所）；Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile（智利大学天文学系）；LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université（巴黎天文台，PSL大学，索邦大学）；Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL, CNRS, SU, Université de Paris（巴黎高等师范学院物理实验室）
Sharpening quasar absorption lines with ESPRESSO: Temperature of warm gas at $z\sim2$, constraints on the Mg isotopic ratio, and structure of cold gas at $z\sim0.5$
Quasar clustering in a galaxy and quasar formation model based on ultra high-resolution N-body simulations
我们研究了类星体的聚类特性，使用我们的半解析模型的星系和类星体的形成与国家的最先进的宇宙学N体模拟的新版本。在这项研究中，我们假设一个主要的星系合并触发冷气体吸积到一个超大质量黑洞和类星体活动。我们的模型可以再现类星体演化的缩小趋势。我们发现，类星体宿主暗物质晕的质量中值随宇宙时间的增加而增加，从z=4（几个1 e +11 Msun）到z=1（几个1 e +12 Msun）的数量级，并且仅微弱地依赖于类星体的光度。通过模型中的类星体-星系交叉关联函数推导出类星体的偏差，我们发现类星体的偏差不依赖于类星体的光度，与观测到的趋势相似。这一结果反映了这样一个事实，即具有固定光度的类星体具有不同的爱丁顿比，因此具有不同的主晕质量，这主要决定了类星体的偏差。我们还表明，类星体的偏见增加红移，这是在定性的协议与观察。我们的偏置值低于观测值在高红移，这意味着我们需要一些机制，使类星体在低质量晕不活跃和/或使它们在高质量晕更活跃。
Discovery of a Perseus-like cloud in the early Universe: HI-to-H2 transition, carbon monoxide and small dust grains at zabs=2.53 towards the quasar J0000+0048
Resolving circumgalactic gas flows around a z$\approx$3.6 quasar using MUSE and ALMA
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学）；DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学空间中心）；Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台）；Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所）；INAF–Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio（意大利国家天体物理研究所天文与空间科学观测站）；IUCAA（印度天体物理学与宇宙学大学研究中心）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿大学莱顿天文台）
