两党制下群众政治的量子特征
Some Quantum-Like Features of Mass Politics in Two-Party Systems
摘要：
我们扩大了实质性的地形齐的影响力，照亮了一个身体的政治理论，迄今已详细阐述了严格的古典语言和形式主义，但具有复杂的功能，似乎值得概括的问题以外的古典性的限制。该研究由菲奥莉娜在20世纪80年代发起，旨在了解两党政治制度中政党治理的起源和性质，其中选民在两次竞选中投票，一次决定行政部门的党派控制，另一次决定立法机关的党派控制。我们描述了在这一领域的研究是如何在过去二十年中发展的方向，使它现在的点，进一步的阐述和研究似乎自然在更一般的形式主义和哲学环境中所接受的QI研究。在这个过程中，我们发现的证据表明，一个经典模型的限制，在该领域的动画工作出现违反的形式，导致一个自然拥抱叠加原理。然后，我们将政治学中常见的可分离和不可分离偏好之间的经典区别与QI文献中的量子和量子类似物联系起来，为最近引入的对这种区别的理解找到了特殊的亲和力，这种理解提供了一条进入完全量子和完全经典观点之间界限的通道，从而为与理论密切相关的现有工作提供了新的杠杆作用。
英文摘要：
We expand the substantive terrain of QI's reach by illuminating a body of political theory that to date has been elaborated in strictly classical language and formalisms but has complex features that seem to merit generalizations of the problem outside the confines of classicality. The line of research, initiated by Fiorina in the 1980s, seeks to understand the origins and nature of party governance in two-party political systems wherein voters cast partisan ballots in two contests, one that determines partisan control of the executive branch and another that determines party control of a legislature. We describe how research in this area evolved in the last two decades in directions that bring it now to the point where further elaboration and study seem natural in the more general formalistic and philosophical environments embraced in QI research. In the process, we find evidence that a restriction of a classical model that has animated work in the field appears violated in a form that leads one naturally to embrace the superposition principle. We then connect classical distinctions between separable and nonseparable preferences that are common in political science to their quantum and quantum-like counterparts in the QI literature, finding special affinity for a recently-introduced understanding of the distinction that provides a passageway into the boundary between fully quantum and fully classical views of the distinction and thereby provides new leverage on existing work germane to the theory.
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