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Mrk 509上的多波长活动。I.变率和光谱能量分布

Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509. I. Variability and spectral energy distribution

J. S. Kaastra, P. -O. Petrucci, M. Cappi, N. Arav, E. Behar, S. Bianchi, J. Bloom, A. J. Blustin, G. Branduardi-Raymont, E. Costantini, M. Dadina, R. G. Detmers… 展开作者

J. S. Kaastra, P. -O. Petrucci, M. Cappi, N. Arav, E. Behar, S. Bianchi, J. Bloom, A. J. Blustin, G. Branduardi-Raymont, E. Costantini, M. Dadina, R. G. Detmers, J. Ebrero, P. G. Jonker, C. Klein, G. A. Kriss, P. Lubinski, J. Malzac, M. Mehdipour, S. Paltani, C. Pinto, G. Ponti, E. M. Ratti, R. A. N. Smith, K. C. Steenbrugge, C. P. de Vries

摘要:

活动星系核显示了丰富的有趣的物理过程,其中一些知之甚少。我们希望解决一些悬而未决的问题,包括从AGN流出的位置和物理,连续发射的性质,X射线宽发射线区域的几何形状和物理状态,Fe-K线复合物,核的金属丰度,最后是我们自己的银河系的星际介质。我们研究这些目标的最佳目标之一,塞弗特1星系Mrk 509与多波长运动使用五颗卫星(XMM-牛顿,INTEGRAL,钱德拉,HST和斯威夫特)和两个地面设施(WHT和PAIRITEL)。我们的观测涵盖了五十多年的频率,从2微米到200千电子伏。高分辨率光谱和时间变化的结合使我们能够解开和研究不同的成分。我们的活动涵盖了从2009年9月到12月的100天,并集中在一组同时进行的深度XMM-牛顿和积分观测,时间间隔固定,跨度为七周。我们获得了X射线和紫外波段的连续光变曲线,在我们最深的监测活动中间的三周内,软X射线波段的通量增加了60%,这与紫外通量的增强有关。这使我们能够研究连续体和外流的时间演化。通过叠加观测,我们还获得了有史以来最好的塞弗特星系的X射线和紫外光谱之一。在本文中,我们还研究了光谱能量分布(SED),我们得到的光电离平衡的影响。由于我们的宽带覆盖,SED的不确定性不会强烈影响这种平衡的确定。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) Active galactic nuclei show a wealth of interesting physical processes, some of which are poorly understood. We want to address a number of open questions, including the location and physics of the outflow from AGN, the nature of the continuum emission, the geometry and physical state of the X-ray broad emission line region, the Fe-K line complex, the metal abundances of the nucleus and finally the interstellar medium of our own Galaxy. We study one of the best targets for these aims, the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509 with a multiwavelength campaign using five satellites (XMM-Newton, INTEGRAL, Chandra, HST and Swift) and two ground-based facilities (WHT and PAIRITEL). Our observations cover more than five decades in frequency, from 2 um to 200 keV. The combination of high-resolution spectroscopy and time variability allows us to disentangle and study the different components. Our campaign covers 100 days from September to December 2009, and is centred on a simultaneous set of deep XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL observations with regular time intervals, spanning seven weeks. We obtain a continuous light curve in the X-ray and UV band, showing a strong, up to 60% flux increase in the soft X-ray band during the three weeks in the middle of our deepest monitoring campaign, and which is correlated with an enhancement of the UV flux. This allows us to study the time evolution of the continuum and the outflow. By stacking the observations, we have also obtained one of the best X-ray and UV spectra of a Seyfert galaxy ever obtained. In this paper we also study the effects of the spectral energy distribution (SED) that we obtained on the photo-ionisation equilibrium. Thanks to our broad-band coverage, uncertainties on the SED do not strongly affect the determination of this equilibrium.

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