新一代正负电子工厂
New generation electron-positron factories
摘要：
2010年，我们庆祝了在意大利弗拉斯卡蒂（Frascati）的第一个粒子储存环ADA投入使用50周年，该储存环也于1964年成为第一个正负电子对撞机。在那之后，粒子对撞机的强度、亮度和能量都增加了几个数量级。也就是说，由于高储存的束流和有用的物理事件（光度）的高速率，现代正负电子对撞机被称为“工厂”。然而，基础物理学要求比目前达到的亮度高1-2个数量级。这一任务可以通过设计新一代工厂来完成，该工厂利用了最近提出并在弗拉斯卡蒂成功测试的蟹腰（CW）碰撞概念的基础上的新碰撞方案的潜力。在本文中，我们讨论了目前一代的正负电子工厂的性能和局限性，并简要概述了新的想法和碰撞计划提出进一步对撞机亮度增加。更详细地介绍了CW碰撞概念和在意大利PHI工厂DAFNE进行的蟹腰碰撞试验结果。最后，我们简要介绍了基于CW概念的下一代工厂的最先进的项目：意大利的SuperB，日本的SuperKEKB和俄罗斯的SuperC-Tau。
英文摘要：
In 2010 we celebrated 50 years since commissioning of the first particle storage ring ADA in Frascati (Italy) that also became the first electron-positron collider in 1964. After that date the particle colliders have increased their intensity, luminosity and energy by several orders of magnitude. Namely, because of the high stored beam currents and high rate of useful physics events (luminosity) the modern electron-positron colliders are called "factories". However, the fundamental physics has required luminosities by 1-2 orders of magnitudes higher with respect to those presently achieved. This task can be accomplished by designing a new generation of factories exploiting the potential of a new collision scheme based on the Crab Waist (CW) collision concept recently proposed and successfully tested at Frascati. In this paper we discuss the performance and limitations of the present generation electron-positron factories and give a brief overview of new ideas and collision schemes proposed for further collider luminosity increase. In more detail we describe the CW collision concept and the results of the crab waist collision tests in DAFNE, the Italian PHi-factory. Finally, we briefly describe most advanced projects of the next generation factories based on the CW concept: SuperB in Italy, SuperKEKB in Japan and SuperC-Tau in Russia.
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