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arXiv 1106.3282astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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反馈调节的恒星形成:肯尼卡特-施密特定律的意义

Feedback Regulated Star Formation: Implications for the Kennicutt-Schmidt Law

Sami Dib

摘要:

在星系盘中恒星形成的反馈调节模型中,导出了恒星形成速率面密度(Sigma_{SFR})与气体面密度(Sigma_{g})之间的金属丰度依赖关系.在这个模型中,恒星形成发生在引力束缚的原星团中,原星团质量函数遵循幂律函数,斜率为-2。依赖于金属丰度的反馈是由OB星(M > 5 Msol)的风在团块中形成的。恒星形成的猝灭发生在金属含量逐渐减少的团块中,这是由于风的光度较弱,从而导致最终恒星形成效率较高(SFE_{exp})。通过结合SFE_{exp}与气体排出发生的时间尺度,我们得出了在这个模型中,每单位时间的金属丰度依赖的恒星形成率作为Sigma_{g}的函数。这与分子气体分数相结合,以导出Sigma_{SFR}对Sigma_{g}的全局依赖性。该模型再现很好地观察到的恒星形成的法律延伸到低气体表面密度的星爆制度。此外,我们的研究结果表明,$Σ_{SFR}$的金属丰度的依赖性在整个范围内的气体表面密度相比,其他模型,也可以解释部分的分散在观察。我们提供了一个表格形式的恒星形成的法律,可以很容易地纳入到数值模拟或半解析模型的星系形成和演化。

英文摘要:

We derive a metallicity dependent relation between the surface density of the star formation rate (Sigma_{SFR}) and the gas surface density (Sigma_{g}) in a feedback regulated model of star formation in galactic disks. In this model, star formation occurs in gravitationally bound protocluster clumps embedded in larger giant molecular clouds with the protocluster clump mass function following a power law function with a slope of -2. Metallicity dependent feedback is generated by the winds of OB stars (M > 5 Msol) that form in the clumps. The quenching of star formation in clumps of decreasing metallicity occurs at later epochs due to weaker wind luminosities, thus resulting in higher final star formation efficiencies (SFE_{exp}). By combining SFE_{exp} with the timescales on which gas expulsion occurs, we derive the metallicity dependent star formation rate per unit time in this model as a function of Sigma_{g}. This is combined with the molecular gas fraction in order to derive the global dependence of Sigma_{SFR} on Sigma_{g}. The model reproduces very well the observed star formation laws extending from low gas surface densities up to the starburst regime. Furthermore, our results show a dependence of $Σ_{SFR}$ on metallicity over the entire range of gas surface densities in contrast to other models, and can also explain part of the scatter in the observations. We provide a tabulated form of the star formation laws that can be easily incorporated into numerical simulations or semi-analytical models of galaxy formation and evolution.

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