沙鼠中耳的真实3D计算机模型，具有精确的骨形态和软tissue结构
Realistic 3D computer model of the gerbil middle ear, featuring accurate morphology of bone and soft tissue structures
摘要：
为了提高中耳有限元建模的真实感，需要全面、精确的形态学数据。迄今为止，微尺度X射线计算机断层扫描（μCT）记录已被用作ME听小骨FEM模型的几何输入数据。之前，也曾尝试获得ME软组织结构的数据。然而，由于软组织的低X射线吸收，这些图像的质量是有限的。另一种流行的方法是使用组织学切片作为3D模型的数据，为切片提供高的平面内分辨率，但该技术本质上是破坏性的，并且切片的配准是困难的。我们将高分辨率μCT记录的数据与高分辨率正交平面荧光光学切片显微镜（OPFOS）的数据相结合，两者都是在同一个沙鼠标本上获得的。最先进的μCT可提供有关听小骨和其他ME骨结构三维形状的高分辨率数据，而OPFOS设置可生成有关骨和软组织ME结构的前所未有的高质量数据。这些技术中的每一种都是断层扫描和非破坏性的，并提供自动对齐的虚拟切片集。来自不同技术的数据集需要相互注册。通过结合这两个数据集，我们获得了一个完整的高分辨率的沙鼠ME的所有功能组件的形态模型。由此产生的三维模型可以很容易地导入有限元软件，并免费提供给研究界。在本文中，我们讨论了所使用的方法，提出了合并模型，并讨论了软组织结构，如肌肉和韧带的形态学特性。
英文摘要：
In order to improve realism in middle ear (ME) finite element modeling (FEM), comprehensive and precise morphological data are needed. To date, micro-scale X-ray computed tomography (μCT) recordings have been used as geometric input data for FEM models of the ME ossicles. Previously, attempts were made to obtain this data on ME soft tissue structures as well. However, due to low X-ray absorption of soft tissue, quality of these images is limited. Another popular approach is using histological sections as data for 3D models, delivering high in-plane resolution for the sections, but the technique is destructive in nature and registration of the sections is difficult. We combine data from high-resolution μCT recordings with data from high-resolution orthogonal-plane fluorescence optical-sectioning microscopy (OPFOS), both obtained on the same gerbil specimen. State-of-the-art μCT delivers high-resolution data on the three-dimensional shape of ossicles and other ME bony structures, while the OPFOS setup generates data of unprecedented quality both on bone and soft tissue ME structures. Each of these techniques is tomographic and non-destructive, and delivers sets of automatically aligned virtual sections. The datasets coming from different techniques need to be registered with respect to each other. By combining both datasets, we obtain a complete high-resolution morphological model of all functional components in the gerbil ME. The resulting three-dimensional model can be readily imported in FEM software and is made freely available to the research community. In this paper, we discuss the methods used, present the resulting merged model and discuss morphological properties of the soft tissue structures, such as muscles and ligaments.
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