SPIDER：用亚轨道偏振计探测早期宇宙
SPIDER: Probing the Early Universe with a Suborbital Polarimeter
摘要：
我们评估的能力，SPIDER，球载偏振计，探测发散自由偏振模式（“B模式”）的宇宙微波背景（CMB）。在暴胀情形中，这个信号的振幅通过张量-标量比r与原始标量扰动的振幅成比例。我们表明，SPIDER仪器中的系统误差的预期水平是显着低于一个有趣的宇宙信号的振幅与r=0.03。我们提出了一种扫描策略，使我们能够最大限度地减少用于表征CMB的斯托克斯参数重建的不确定性，同时访问一个相对较宽的角度尺度。通过评估SPIDER场中银河系偏振辐射的振幅，我们得出结论，星际尘埃的偏振辐射在所有SPIDER频率（90 GHz，150 GHz和280 GHz）下都与宇宙信号一样亮或更亮，这种情况类似于在“南洞”中发现的情况。“我们表明，即使考虑到前景污染，SPIDER仪器的两次~20天的飞行也可以将B模式信号的振幅限制在r<0.03（99%CL）。在没有前景的情况下，在一次20天的飞行后可以达到相同的限制。
英文摘要：
We evaluate the ability of SPIDER, a balloon-borne polarimeter, to detect a divergence-free polarization pattern ("B-modes") in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). In the inflationary scenario, the amplitude of this signal is proportional to that of the primordial scalar perturbations through the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. We show that the expected level of systematic error in the SPIDER instrument is significantly below the amplitude of an interesting cosmological signal with r=0.03. We present a scanning strategy that enables us to minimize uncertainty in the reconstruction of the Stokes parameters used to characterize the CMB, while accessing a relatively wide range of angular scales. Evaluating the amplitude of the polarized Galactic emission in the SPIDER field, we conclude that the polarized emission from interstellar dust is as bright or brighter than the cosmological signal at all SPIDER frequencies (90 GHz, 150 GHz, and 280 GHz), a situation similar to that found in the "Southern Hole." We show that two ~20-day flights of the SPIDER instrument can constrain the amplitude of the B-mode signal to r<0.03 (99% CL) even when foreground contamination is taken into account. In the absence of foregrounds, the same limit can be reached after one 20-day flight.
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