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arXiv 1106.2840astro-ph.SR
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吸积、喷流和风:来自年轻恒星天体的高能发射

Accretion, jets and winds: High-energy emission from young stellar objects

Hans Moritz Guenther

摘要:

本文综述了年轻天体的高能辐射过程。光谱类型A和B的恒星在这个阶段被称为Herbig Ae/Be(HAeBe)星,所有后来的光谱类型都被称为经典金牛座T星(CTTS)。这两种类型的研究高分辨率X射线和紫外光谱和建模。CTTS的高能辐射有三种机制:1)CTTS具有类似主序星的活动日冕; 2)吸积物质通过恒星表面的吸积激波,被加热到几个MK; 3)一些CTTS驱动强大的外流。这些射流中的冲击可以将等离子体加热到X射线发射温度。日冕已经在文献中得到很好的表征;后两种情况的模型显示。磁场抑制了吸积激波中垂直于磁力线的运动,从而证明了一维几何的合理性。辐射损失计算为光学薄发射。冲击和日冕气体的混合物适合吸积CTTS的X射线观测。具体来说,该模型解释了特殊的线比在氦类三重Ne IX和O VII。所有的恒星都只需要很小的质量吸积率就能发射X射线。相比之下,HAeBe HD 163296的线比与日冕源相似,表明在X射线发射区域既不存在高密度也不存在强紫外场。这可能是由其喷气式飞机的震动引起的。在深吸收的CTTS DG Tau中发现了类似的发射。需要400和500 km/s之间的冲击速度来解释观测到的光谱。

英文摘要:

This article summarizes the processes of high-energy emission in young stellar objects. Stars of spectral type A and B are called Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars in this stage, all later spectral types are termed classical T Tauri stars (CTTS). Both types are studied by high-resolution X-ray and UV spectroscopy and modeling. Three mechanisms contribute to the high-energy emission from CTTS: 1) CTTS have active coronae similar to main-sequence stars, 2) the accreted material passes through an accretion shock at the stellar surface, which heats it to a few MK, and 3) some CTTS drive powerful outflows. Shocks within these jets can heat the plasma to X-ray emitting temperatures. Coronae are already well characterized in the literature; for the latter two scenarios models are shown. The magnetic field suppresses motion perpendicular to the field lines in the accretion shock, thus justifying a 1D geometry. The radiative loss is calculated as optically thin emission. A mixture of shocked and coronal gas is fitted to X-ray observations of accreting CTTS. Specifically, the model explains the peculiar line-ratios in the He-like triplets of Ne IX and O VII. All stars require only small mass accretion rates to power the X-ray emission. In contrast, the HAeBe HD 163296 has line ratios similar to coronal sources, indicating that neither a high density nor a strong UV-field is present in the region of the X-ray emission. This could be caused by a shock in its jet. Similar emission is found in the deeply absorbed CTTS DG Tau. Shock velocities between 400 and 500 km/s are required to explain the observed spectrum.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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