核反应的输运理论描述
Transport-theoretical Description of Nuclear Reactions
摘要：
在这篇评论中，我们首先概述了基本的运输理论和最近的推广离壳运输。然后，我们提出了一些详细的主要成分的任何运输方法，特别是使用的吉森玻尔兹曼Uehling乌伦贝克（GiBUU）实现这一理论作为一个例子。我们讨论了所使用的潜力，基态初始化和碰撞项，包括后者的介质中的修改。这篇评论的中心部分涵盖了GiBUU的广泛的一类反应的应用，从质子和反质子反应的原子核上的重离子碰撞（高达约30 AGeV）的π介子诱导的反应。一个主要部分也涉及光子，电子和中微子诱导的反应（在能量范围从几个100兆电子伏到几个100千兆电子伏）的描述。对于这类广泛的反应，GiBUU用相同的物理输入和相同的代码给出了很好的描述。我们认为，GiBUU是一个不可或缺的工具，任何调查的核反应中，终态相互作用发挥作用。研究π-核相互作用，核碎裂，重离子反应，超核形成，强子化，色透明，电子-核碰撞和中微子-核相互作用的GiBUU都可能的应用，并在这篇文章中进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
In this review we first outline the basics of transport theory and its recent generalization to off-shell transport. We then present in some detail the main ingredients of any transport method using in particular the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) implementation of this theory as an example. We discuss the potentials used, the ground state initialization and the collision term, including the in-medium modifications of the latter. The central part of this review covers applications of GiBUU to a wide class of reactions, starting from pion-induced reactions over proton and antiproton reactions on nuclei to heavy-ion collisions (up to about 30 AGeV). A major part concerns also the description of photon-, electron- and neutrino-induced reactions (in the energy range from a few 100 MeV to a few 100 GeV). For this wide class of reactions GiBUU gives an excellent description with the same physics input and the same code being used. We argue that GiBUU is an indispensable tool for any investigation of nuclear reactions in which final-state interactions play a role. Studies of pion-nucleus interactions, nuclear fragmentation, heavy ion reactions, hyper nucleus formation, hadronization, color transparency, electron-nucleus collisions and neutrino-nucleus interactions are all possible applications of GiBUU and are discussed in this article.
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