灶神星和谷神星：穿越太阳系的历史
Vesta and Ceres: crossing the history of the Solar System
摘要：
太阳系的演化大致可分为三个不同的阶段：太阳星云、原始太阳系和现代太阳系。这三个时期的特点是，无论是从物理条件的角度来看，还是从通过它们起作用的过程的角度来看，都有非常不同的条件。在整个太阳星云阶段，由于短寿命放射性核素的衰变，星子和行星胚胎正在形成和分化。与此同时，巨大的行星形成了它们的核心，并吸积了星云气体，达到了它们现在的质量。气体扩散之后，原始太阳系开始了它的演化。在内太阳系，行星胚胎形成了类地行星，再加上巨行星的引力扰动，耗尽了剩余的微行星。在外太阳系，巨行星经历了一个剧烈的，混乱的轨道重排阶段，导致了后期重轰炸。然后，年轻的太阳系迅速而激烈的演化让位于现代太阳系更有规律的长期演化。灶神星，通过它与HED陨石的联系，以及谷神星，可能也是太阳系历史上第一批形成的天体。在这里，我们讨论了它们的形成和演化的时间尺度，以及它们在太阳系历史的不同阶段的通过将如何受到影响，以便绘制一个参考框架来解释黎明任务将提供的数据。
英文摘要：
The evolution of the Solar System can be schematically divided into three different phases: the Solar Nebula, the Primordial Solar System and the Modern Solar System. These three periods were characterized by very different conditions, both from the point of view of the physical conditions and from that of the processes there were acting through them. Across the Solar Nebula phase, planetesimals and planetary embryos were forming and differentiating due to the decay of short-lived radionuclides. At the same time, giant planets formed their cores and accreted the nebular gas to reach their present masses. After the gas dispersal, the Primordial Solar System began its evolution. In the inner Solar System, planetary embryos formed the terrestrial planets and, in combination with the gravitational perturbations of the giant planets, depleted the residual population of planetesimals. In the outer Solar System, giant planets underwent a violent, chaotic phase of orbital rearrangement which caused the Late Heavy Bombardment. Then the rapid and fierce evolution of the young Solar System left place to the more regular secular evolution of the Modern Solar System. Vesta, through its connection with HED meteorites, and plausibly Ceres too were between the first bodies to form in the history of the Solar System. Here we discuss the timescale of their formation and evolution and how they would have been affected by their passage through the different phases of the history of the Solar System, in order to draw a reference framework to interpret the data that Dawn mission will supply on them.
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