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arXiv 1105.4874cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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静态颗粒床stationary states中应力张量不变量的主曲线。热力学相空间的含义

Master curves for the stress tensor invariants in stationary states of static granular beds. Implications for the thermodynamic phase space

Luis A. Pugnaloni, José Damas, Iker Zuriguel, Diego Maza

摘要:

我们准备静态颗粒床在重力下在不同的稳态通过敲击系统与脉冲激发的控制幅度和持续时间。宏观状态-定义的系综的静态配置探索的系统自来水后,自来水-对于一个给定的自来水强度和持续时间的体积,V,和力矩张量,ψ。在先前的论文[Pugnaloni等人,物理评论E 82,050301(R)(2010)],我们报告的证据支持,这样的宏观状态不能完全通过使用V或V,除了粒子的数量N。在这项工作中,我们提出了这些变量的波动的分析,表明V和λ可能足以定义宏观状态。此外,我们表明,只有一个的不变量是必要的,因为每个组成部分的下降到一个主曲线绘制时,作为Tr(π)的函数。这意味着,这些颗粒组件有一个共同的形状的应力张量,即使它不对应于流体静力型。虽然大多数结果是通过分子动力学模拟得到的,我们提出支持实验结果。

英文摘要:

We prepare static granular beds under gravity in different stationary states by tapping the system with pulsed excitations of controlled amplitude and duration. The macroscopic state---defined by the ensemble of static configurations explored by the system tap after tap---for a given tap intensity and duration is studied in terms of volume, V, and force moment tensor, Σ. In a previous paper [Pugnaloni et al., Phys. Rev. E 82, 050301(R) (2010)], we reported evidence supporting that such macroscopic states cannot be fully described by using only V or Σ, apart from the number of particles N. In this work, we present an analysis of the fluctuations of these variables that indicates that V and Σmay be sufficient to define the macroscopic states. Moreover, we show that only one of the invariants of Σis necessary, since each component of Σfalls onto a master curve when plotted as a function of Tr(Σ). This implies that these granular assemblies have a common shape for the stress tensor, even though it does not correspond to the hydrostatic type. Although most results are obtained by molecular dynamics simulations, we present supporting experimental results.

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