研究冲击波效应的氧-乙炔驱动实验室尺度激波管
Oxy-acetylene driven laboratory scale shock tubes for studying blast wave effects
摘要：
本文介绍了模块化，氧乙炔驱动的实验室规模的激波管的发展和表征。在实验室环境中，需要这种工具来产生逼真的冲击波。使用高速压电压力传感器在1 MHz下测量的压力-时间曲线具有相关的持续时间，并显示出真实的冲击波阵面和自由场爆炸波的指数衰减特性。包括激波管直径为27 - 79 mm的描述。通过选择驱动器部分直径和距激波管开口的距离，产生了204 kPa至1187 kPa的峰值压力范围（平均值的标准误差为0.5 - 5.6%）。峰值压力随着距激波管开口的距离而可预测地变化，同时对于距激波管开口高达约一个直径的距离保持真实的冲击波轮廓和相关的脉冲持续时间。这种激波管设计提供了比目前的压缩驱动激波管更真实的爆炸轮廓，并且它没有大的射流效应。此外，操作不需要像大多数爆炸驱动激波管那样的专业人员或设施，这降低了操作成本和工作量，并允许更大的吞吐量和可访问性。它预计将是有用的，在评估各种传感器的冲击波载荷的响应;评估候选装甲材料的反射，透射和吸收性能;评估材料的性能在高速率的负载;评估生物材料的冲击波暴露的响应;并提供一种手段来验证冲击波与结构的相互作用的数值模型。所有这些活动都难以在实验室环境中进行，部分原因是缺乏适当的手段来产生现实的爆炸载荷分布。
英文摘要：
This paper describes the development and characterization of modular, oxy-acetylene driven laboratory scale shock tubes. Such tools are needed to produce realistic blast waves in a laboratory setting. The pressure-time profiles measured at 1 MHz using high speed piezoelectric pressure sensors have relevant durations and show a true shock front and exponential decay characteristic of free-field blast waves. Descriptions are included for shock tube diameters of 27 - 79 mm. A range of peak pressures from 204 kPa to 1187 kPa (with 0.5 - 5.6% standard error of the mean) were produced by selection of the driver section diameter and distance from the shock tube opening. The peak pressures varied predictably with distance from the shock tube opening while maintaining both a true blast wave profile and relevant pulse duration for distances up to about one diameter from the shock tube opening. This shock tube design provides a more realistic blast profile than current compression-driven shock tubes, and it does not have a large jet effect. In addition, operation does not require specialized personnel or facilities like most blast-driven shock tubes, which reduces operating costs and effort and permits greater throughput and accessibility. It is expected to be useful in assessing the response of various sensors to shock wave loading; assessing the reflection, transmission, and absorption properties of candidate armor materials; assessing material properties at high rates of loading; assessing the response of biological materials to shock wave exposure; and providing a means to validate numerical models of the interaction of shock waves with structures. All of these activities have been difficult to pursue in a laboratory setting due in part to lack of appropriate means to produce a realistic blast loading profile.
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