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arXiv 1105.4081astro-ph.SR
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原恒星喷流HH 154的X射线发射:钻石激波的第一个证据?

X-ray emission from protostellar jet HH 154: the first evidence of a diamond shock?

R. Bonito, S. Orlando, M. Miceli, G. Peres, G. Micela, F. Favata

摘要:

已经发现了大约十个原恒星喷流的X射线发射,这似乎是最具能量的喷流的共同特征。虽然X射线发射似乎起源于喷流内部的激波,但形成这些激波的机制仍然存在争议。对X射线喷流研究得最好的一个是HH 154,它是钱德拉在大约10年的时间里观测到的。我们通过研究HH 154的X射线源的演化来分析它的Chandra观测。结果表明,X射线辐射由明亮的稳定辐射和微弱的拉长辐射组成。我们解释的意见,通过开发一个流体动力学模型描述一个原恒星喷流起源于喷嘴和比较X射线发射合成的X射线观测模型。该模型考虑了热传导和辐射损失,并表明,射流/喷嘴导致在喷嘴出口处形成金刚石激波。冲击波在我们的模拟所涵盖的时间段内是静止的,并产生一个X射线源,其亮度和光谱特性与观测结果非常一致。我们的结论是,从HH 154发射的X射线与源自喷嘴的金刚石冲击一致,通过该喷嘴喷射到周围介质中。我们认为喷嘴的物理起源可能与HH 154驱动源嵌入的稠密气体和/或射流发射/准直区域的磁场有关。

英文摘要:

X-ray emission from about ten protostellar jets has been discovered and it appears as a feature common to the most energetic jets. Although X-ray emission seems to originate from shocks internal to jets, the mechanism forming these shocks remains controversial. One of the best studied X-ray jet is HH 154 that has been observed by Chandra over a time base of about 10 years. We analyze the Chandra observations of HH 154 by investigating the evolution of its X-ray source. We show that the X-ray emission consists of a bright stationary component and a faint elongated component. We interpret the observations by developing a hydrodynamic model describing a protostellar jet originating from a nozzle and compare the X-ray emission synthesized from the model with the X-ray observations. The model takes into account the thermal conduction and radiative losses and shows that the jet/nozzle leads to the formation of a diamond shock at the nozzle exit. The shock is stationary over the period covered by our simulations and generates an X-ray source with luminosity and spectral characteristics in excellent agreement with the observations. We conclude that the X-ray emission from HH 154 is consistent with a diamond shock originating from a nozzle through which the jet is launched into the ambient medium. We suggest that the physical origin of the nozzle could be related to the dense gas in which the HH 154 driving source is embedded and/or to the magnetic field at the jet launching/collimation region.

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