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arXiv 1105.4076astro-ph.CO
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Atlas3D项目- VI。双星星系合并的模拟以及与快旋、慢旋和运动学不同核心的联系

The Atlas3D Project - VI. Simulations of binary galaxy mergers and the link with Fast Rotators, Slow Rotators, and Kinematically Distinct Cores

Maxime Bois, Eric Emsellem, Frederic Bournaud, Katherine Alatalo, Leo Blitz, Martin Bureau, Michele Cappellari, Roger L. Davies, Timothy A. Davis, P. T. de Zeeu… 展开作者

Maxime Bois, Eric Emsellem, Frederic Bournaud, Katherine Alatalo, Leo Blitz, Martin Bureau, Michele Cappellari, Roger L. Davies, Timothy A. Davis, P. T. de Zeeuw, Pierre-Alain Duc, Sadegh Khochfar, Davor Krajnovic, Harald Kuntschner, Pierre-Yves Lablanche, Richard M. McDermid, Raffaella Morganti, Thorsten Naab, Tom Oosterloo, Marc Sarzi, Nicholas Scott, Paolo Serra, Anne-Marie Weijmans, Lisa M. Young

摘要:

我们用70个盘星系双星合并的高分辨率(软化长度< 60 pc和12*10^6粒子)数值模拟和16个ETG再合并的模拟样本研究了早型星系通过合并的形成。这些模拟是为了配合在3D项目内进行的观测和模型而设计的,包括各种质量比(从1:1到6:1)、初始条件和轨道参数。祖先盘星系是螺旋状的,具有典型的Sb和Sc星系的凸起盘比。我们发现,质量比为3:1和6:1的盘星系的二元合并几乎总是被归类为快速旋转的3D标准(基于lambda_R参数):他们保持输入快速旋转的螺旋祖先的结构。它们具有大于0.5的内禀椭圆率,覆盖0.2和0.6之间的内禀λ_R值,在所观察到的快速旋转器的范围内。主盘合并(质量比为2:1和1:1)导致快速和慢速旋转。大部分的快速旋转产生的主要合并有中间平坦,椭圆率在0.4和0.6之间。在这些双星盘合并中形成的大多数慢旋星系在1-3千秒差距的中心拥有一个恒星运动学上不同的核心(KDC):这些KDC是由祖先的恒星组成的。因此,除了少数几个特定的观测系统--反向旋转盘(2-sigma星系)--这些系统无法重现在附近宇宙中观测到的慢旋转体的数量。祖先星系的质量比是在这些双星合并中形成慢旋转星系的基本参数,但它也要求早期类型(Sb)祖先星系相对于轨道角动量的逆行自旋。(节录)

英文摘要:

We study the formation of early-type galaxies through mergers with a sample of 70 high-resolution (softening length < 60 pc and 12*10^6 particles) numerical simulations of binary mergers of disc galaxies and 16 simulations of ETG remergers. These simulations, designed to accompany observations and models conducted within the Atlas3D project, encompass various mass ratios (from 1:1 to 6:1), initial conditions and orbital parameters. The progenitor disc galaxies are spiral-like with bulge to disc ratios typical of Sb and Sc galaxies. We find that binary mergers of disc galaxies with mass ratios of 3:1 and 6:1 are nearly always classified as Fast Rotators according to the Atlas3D criterion (based on the lambda_R parameter): they preserve the structure of the input fast rotating spiral progenitors. They have intrinsic ellipticities larger than 0.5, cover intrinsic lambda_R values between 0.2 and 0.6, within the range of observed Fast Rotators. Major disc mergers (mass ratios of 2:1 and 1:1) lead to both Fast and Slow Rotators. Most of the Fast Rotators produced in major mergers have intermediate flattening, with ellipticities between 0.4 and 0.6. Most Slow Rotators formed in these binary disc mergers hold a stellar Kinematically Distinct Core (KDC) in their 1-3 central kilo-parsec: these KDCs are built from the stellar components of the progenitors. Besides a handful of specific observed systems -- the counter-rotating discs (2-sigma galaxies) -- these therefore cannot reproduce the observed population of Slow Rotators in the nearby Universe. The mass ratio of the progenitors is a fundamental parameter for the formation of Slow Rotators in these binary mergers, but it also requires a retrograde spin for the earlier-type (Sb) progenitor galaxy with respect to the orbital angular momentum. (Abridged)

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