玻尔兹曼因子、DNA熔化和布朗棘轮：生物学和医学预科生物理学导论
The Boltzmann factor, DNA melting, and Brownian ratchets: Topics in an introductory physics sequence for biology and premedical students
摘要：
提出了三个与生物学相关的有偏随机游走的例子：（1）一个DNA解链模型，模拟为DNA解链，它提供了一种方法来说明玻尔兹曼因子在生物学和医学预科学生熟知的场所中的作用;（2）解旋酶马达蛋白在解链双链DNA中的活性，例如，在复制叉处，这是布朗棘轮的一个例子;（3）由肌动蛋白聚合产生的力，这是另一种布朗棘轮，并且确定了肌动蛋白聚合速度的力和肌动蛋白浓度依赖性。
英文摘要：
Three, interrelated biologically-relevant examples of biased random walks are presented: (1) A model for DNA melting, modelled as DNA unzipping, which provides a way to illustrate the role of the Boltzmann factor in a venue well-known to biology and pre-medical students; (2) the activity of helicase motor proteins in unzipping double-stranded DNA, for example, at the replication fork, which is an example of a Brownian ratchet; (3) force generation by actin polymerization, which is another Brownian ratchet, and for which the force and actin-concentration dependence of the velocity of actin polymerization is determined.
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