量化极端星系团的稀有性
Quantifying the rareness of extreme galaxy clusters
摘要：
我表明，最常见的方法量化的可能性，一个极端的星系团可能存在的是有偏见的，并可能导致虚假的索赔与LambdaCDM的紧张局势。这种常见的方法使用的概率是，至少有一个星系团可能存在于观测到的星系团的质量和红移之上。我证明了存在的偏见使用样本集群人口，描述其起源，并解释如何删除it.Then我建议潜在的更合适的和公正的措施，个别集群的稀有性。每一种不同的测量将对不同类型的新物理学最敏感。我将展示如何概括这些措施来量化一组集群的总“稀有”。可以看出，当质量的不确定性被边缘化时，标准的LambdaCDM宇宙学模型和任何观测到的星团集合之间没有紧张关系。作为一个案例研究，我应用这些稀有措施，使用原始密度扰动与非高斯谱产生的样本集群人口。
英文摘要：
I show that the most common method of quantifying the likelihood that an extreme galaxy cluster could exist is biased and can result in false claims of tension with LambdaCDM. This common method uses the probability that at least one cluster could exist above the mass and redshift of an observed cluster. I demonstrate the existence of the bias using sample cluster populations, describe its origin and explain how to remove it. I then suggest potentially more suitable and unbiased measures of the rareness of individual clusters. Each different measure will be most sensitive to different possible types of new physics. I show how to generalise these measures to quantify the total `rareness' of a set of clusters. It is seen that, when mass uncertainties are marginalised over, there is no tension between the standard LambdaCDM cosmological model and the existence of any observed set of clusters. As a case study, I apply these rareness measures to sample cluster populations generated using primordial density perturbations with a non-Gaussian spectrum.
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