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arXiv 1105.3211astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
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利用黑洞活动的基本面区分X射线过程和弱吸积黑洞

Using the Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Activity to Distinguish X-ray Processes from Weakly Accreting Black Holes

Richard M. Plotkin, Sera Markoff, Brandon C. Kelly, Elmar Koerding, Scott F. Anderson

摘要:

对于硬态银河系黑洞及其超大质量类似物,黑洞活动的基本平面是X射线光度、射电光度和黑洞质量之间的关系。基本平面表明,在低吸积率下,调节吸积流转化为辐射能的物理过程在整个黑洞质量尺度上是普遍的。然而,仍然需要进一步细化基本平面,以便更好地辨别非常接近黑洞的辐射过程及其几何形状,特别是硬X射线源。进一步的细化是必要的,因为基本平面的最佳拟合斜率上的误差条通常很大,而且推断的系数对所采用的黑洞样本很敏感。在这项工作中,我们回归的基本面与贝叶斯技术。我们的方法表明,亚爱丁顿黑洞发射的X射线发射,主要是光学薄的同步辐射从喷流,提供他们的无线电频谱是平坦的或倒置。在>3σ的水平上排除了由辐射效率很低的吸积流主导的X射线发射。我们还表明,这是很难将FR I星系的基本平面上,因为它们的X射线喷流发射的同步辐射冷却的影响很大。另一方面,BL Lac对象适合基本平面。包括SDSS中的一个统一的高能峰值BL Lac天体子集,我们发现具有平坦/倒置射电谱的次爱丁顿黑洞满足log L_x=(1.45 \pm 0.04)log L_R-(0.88 \pm 0.06)\logM_{BH} -6.07 \pm 1.10,其中σ_{int}=0.07 \pm 0.05 dex.最后,我们讨论了如何从最高的黑洞质量的喷流发射的同步辐射冷却的影响可以偏置的基本平面回归,可能导致不正确的推断X射线辐射机制。

英文摘要:

The fundamental plane of black hole activity is a relation between X-ray luminosity, radio luminosity, and black hole mass for hard state Galactic black holes and their supermassive analogs. The fundamental plane suggests that, at low-accretion rates, the physical processes regulating the conversion of an accretion flow into radiative energy could be universal across the entire black hole mass scale. However, there is still a need to further refine the fundamental plane in order to better discern the radiative processes and their geometry very close to the black hole, in particular the source of hard X-rays. Further refinement is necessary because error bars on the best-fit slopes of the fundamental plane are generally large, and also the inferred coefficients can be sensitive to the adopted sample of black holes. In this work, we regress the fundamental plane with a Bayesian technique. Our approach shows that sub-Eddington black holes emit X-ray emission that is predominantly optically thin synchrotron radiation from the jet, provided that their radio spectra are flat or inverted. X-ray emission dominated by very radiatively inefficient accretion flows are excluded at the >3σ level. We also show that it is difficult to place FR I galaxies onto the fundamental plane because their X-ray jet emission is highly affected by synchrotron cooling. On the other hand, BL Lac objects fit onto the fundamental plane. Including a uniform subset of high-energy peaked BL Lac objects from the SDSS, we find sub-Eddington black holes with flat/inverted radio spectra follow log L_x=(1.45\pm0.04)log L_R-(0.88\pm0.06)\logM_{BH}-6.07\pm1.10, with σ_{int}=0.07\pm0.05 dex. Finally, we discuss how the effects of synchrotron cooling of jet emission from the highest black hole masses can bias fundamental plane regressions, perhaps leading to incorrect inferences on X-ray radiation mechanisms.

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