Scaling Relations and Overabundance of Massive Clusters at z>~1 from Weak-Lensing Studies with HST
M. J. Jee, K. S. Dawson, H. Hoekstra, S. Perlmutter, P. Rosati, M. Brodwin, N. Suzuki, B. Koester, M. Postman, L. Lubin, J. Meyers, S. A. Stanford, K. Barbary, … 展开作者
M. J. Jee, K. S. Dawson, H. Hoekstra, S. Perlmutter, P. Rosati, M. Brodwin, N. Suzuki, B. Koester, M. Postman, L. Lubin, J. Meyers, S. A. Stanford, K. Barbary, F. Barrientos, P. Eisenhardt, H. C. Ford, D. G. Gilbank, M. D. Gladders, A. Gonzalez, D. W. Harris, X. Huang, C. Lidman, E. S. Rykoff, D. Rubin, A. L. Spadafora
We present weak gravitational lensing analysis of 22 high-redshift (z >~1) clusters based on Hubble Space Telescope images. Most clusters in our sample provide significant lensing signals and are well detected in their reconstructed two-dimensional mass maps. Combining the current results and our previous weak-lensing studies of five other high-z clusters, we compare gravitational lensing masses of these clusters with other observables. We revisit the question whether the presence of the most massive clusters in our sample is in tension with the current LambdaCDM structure formation paradigm. We find that the lensing masses are tightly correlated with the gas temperatures and establish, for the first time, the lensing mass-temperature relation at z >~ 1. For the power law slope of the M-TX relation (M propto T^α), we obtain α=1.54 +/- 0.23. This is consistent with the theoretical self-similar prediction α=3/2 and with the results previously reported in the literature for much lower redshift samples. However, our normalization is lower than the previous results by 20-30%, indicating that the normalization in the M-TX relation might evolve. After correcting for Eddington bias and updating the discovery area with a more conservative choice, we find that the existence of the most massive clusters in our sample still provides a tension with the current Lambda CDM model. The combined probability of finding the four most massive clusters in this sample after marginalization over current cosmological parameters is less than 1%.
Extending empirical constraints on the SZ-mass scaling relation to higher redshifts via HST weak lensing measurements of nine clusters from the SPT-SZ survey at $z\gtrsim1$
The shape of relaxed galaxy clusters and the public release of a HST shape measurement code, pyRRG
我们研究了八个动态松弛的星系团的形状与哈勃太空望远镜和钱德拉X射线天文台观测。利用强、弱引力透镜、布里渊星系团的形状和X射线等照度线,研究了四种不同半径的星系团晕的椭圆率。我们发现,代理探测的内部区域的集群是强烈耦合的BCG形状与预测的形状由强引力透镜和X射线等照度线。相反,我们发现没有这样的形状之间的相关性预测的弱透镜和其他三个探针之间的任何耦合的内部和外部区域是弱的。我们还在本文中公开发布了HST弱透镜形状测量代码pyRRG,可直接从PyPi(https://pypi.org/project/pyRRG/)获得。这段基于Rhodes et al.(2000)的python3.7代码采用了一个基于随机森林的自动化恒星-星系分类器,并输出了科学上有用的产品,例如适用于质量映射算法Lentool的弱透镜星表。
Direct Observation of Cosmic Strings via their Strong Gravitational Lensing Effect: II. Results from the HST/ACS Image Archive
我们已经搜索了4.5平方度的HST/ACS档案图像,寻找宇宙弦,识别出相似的、微弱的星系对,并选择了那些排列与引力透镜一致的星系群。我们在五次大面积的HST财政调查(覆盖总面积为2.22平方度)中没有发现宇宙弦的证据,或者在346张多过滤器的客座观察者图像(1.18平方度)中没有发现宇宙弦的证据。假设模拟精确地预测了宇宙中宇宙弦的数量,这种未探测到的情况使我们能够在95%的置信水平下(在每种情况下,相对于另一个参数,边缘化)将无单位的普适宇宙弦张力的上限定为G μ/c^2 < 2.3 x 10^-6,宇宙弦密度的上限定为Omega_s < 2.1 x 10^-5。我们在318张单过滤器访客观测者图像(1.08平方度)中发现了四个可疑的宇宙弦候选者,我们无法用现有数据最终消除它们。这些候选者中的任何一个被确认为宇宙弦都意味着G μ/c^2 ~ 10^-6和Ω_s ~ 10^-5。然而,我们估计至少有92%的机会,这些字符串候选人是随机排列的星系。如果我们假设这些候选者确实是错误的检测,那么我们对G μ/c^2和Ω_s的最终限制将降到6.5 x 10^-7和7.3 x 10^-6。由于HST/ACS图像存档的天空覆盖范围很广,因此上述限制是通用的。它们对搜索的字段数量非常敏感,并且可以使用即将到来的HST数据进一步减少两倍以上。
Lensing-Reconstructed Dark Matter-Intracluster Medium Coherence as a Probe of Cluster Dynamical State: Application to HSTFF, RELICS, and CLASH Clusters
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院喷气推进实验室);Northeastern University(东北大学);University of Miami(迈阿密大学);Yale University(耶鲁大学);Harvard University(哈佛大学);Duke University(杜克大学);New York University(纽约大学);Carnegie Observatories(卡内基观测站)
Cluster Mass Calibration at High Redshift: HST Weak Lensing Analysis of 13 Distant Galaxy Clusters from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Survey
Joint HST, VLT/MUSE and XMM-Newton observations to constrain the mass distribution of the two strong lensing galaxy clusters: MACS J0242.5-2132 & MACS J0949.8+1708
Constraints on the normal branch of DGP gravity from SPT galaxy clusters with DES and HST weak-lensing mass calibration and from Planck PR4 CMB anisotropies
University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics(慕尼黑大学物理学院天文台);Excellence Cluster Origins(起源卓越集群);Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所);Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学理论天体物理研究所);Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University(杜伦大学物理学院计算宇宙学研究所);Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik(因斯布鲁克大学天体与粒子物理研究所)
SLICE -- Combining Strong Lensing and X-ray in AC 114. Further Insights into the Merger Scenario
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM(艾克斯-马赛大学);Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University(杜伦大学);Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University(杜伦大学);Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan(密歇根大学);Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva(日内瓦大学);STAR Institute(列日大学天体物理研究所);Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574(里昂大学);Department of Astronomy, University of Washington(华盛顿大学);Astrophysics Research Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal(夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学);School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal(夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学);Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);DIFA – Università di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学);INAF - IASF Milano(意大利国家天体物理研究所米兰天文台);INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚空间天体物理观测站)
我们对星系团RXC J2248.7-4431进行了弱透镜分析,这是一个z=0.3475的大质量系统,具有HST/CLASH调查所涵盖的突出的强透镜特征(Postman et al. 2012)。利用MPG/ESO-2.2m望远镜WFI相机的UBVRIZ成像,我们测量了背景星系的光度红移和形状。该簇被检测为5 σ显著性的质量峰。它的密度可以用NFW剖面(Navarro等,1996)来参数化,其中有两个自由参数,质量M_200 m =(33.1+9.6-6.8)x10^14Msol和浓度c_200 m =2.6+1.5-1.0。我们在视场内发现了第二个星系团,其光度红移为z~0.6,NFW质量为M_200 m =(4.0+3.7-2.6)x10^14Msol。
Precise weak lensing constraints from deep high-resolution $K_\mathrm{s}$ images: VLT/HAWK-I analysis of the super-massive galaxy cluster RCS2$J$232727.7$-$020437 at $z=0.70$
A Census of Star-Forming Galaxies in the z~9-10 Universe based on HST+Spitzer Observations Over 19 CLASH clusters: Three Candidate z~9-10 Galaxies and Improved Constraints on the Star Formation Rate Density at z~9
Constraints on a $ϕ$CDM model from strong gravitational lensing and updated Hubble parameter measurements
我们用逆幂律势约束标量场暗能量模型,即,$V(ϕ)\propto ϕ^{-α}$($α>0$),从一组最近的宇宙学观测,通过汇编更新的样本哈勃参数测量,包括30个独立的数据点。我们的结果表明,更新后的样本的$H(z)$数据与HST先验的$H_0$的约束力强于SCP Union2和Union2.1编译。最近的一个强引力透镜系统的样本也被用来限制模型,即使结果并不显著。通过对强引力透镜数据与更严格的更新哈勃参数测量和SCP Union 2的Ia型超新星数据的联合分析表明,目前的观测仍然不能区分暗能量是一个与时间无关的宇宙学常数还是一个随时间变化的动力学分量。
CLASH: The Concentration-Mass Relation of Galaxy Clusters
通过对哈勃望远镜观测的19个星系团的X射线透镜分析,提出了一种新的星系团的浓度-质量关系的确定方法。我们的样本的红移范围在0.19到0.89之间。我们结合弱透镜约束从哈勃太空望远镜(HST)和地面宽场数据与强透镜约束从HST。其结果是重建的表面质量密度的所有CLASH集群的多尺度网格。我们对NFW参数的推导得到的维里质量在0.53 x 10^15和1.76 x 10^15 M_sol/h之间,晕浓度分布在c_200c ~ 3.7附近,与团簇质量呈1 σ显著负趋势。我们发现一个很好的4%之间的协议,我们的测量浓度和预期的数值模拟后占CLASH选择功能的基础上X射线形态。在2D中分析模拟,以考虑由于投影效应而导致的透镜重建中的可能偏差。理论浓度-质量(c-M)的关系,从我们的X射线选择的一组模拟集群和c-M关系直接从CLASH数据在90%的置信水平同意。