非线性电动力学：表征光子在弱背景电磁场上传播的另一种场论和地球接收机从行星际航天器应答器上读出的无线电信号
Nonlinear Electrodynamics: Alternative Field Theory for Featuring Photon Propagation Over Weak Background Electromagnetic Fields and what Earth Receivers Read off Radio Signals from Interplanetary Spacecraft Transponders
摘要：
一些观测和/或实验结果极大地推动了重力研究计划，如先驱者10号和11号航天器在日心距离20至70天文单位（AU）之间时接收到的射电多普勒跟踪结果。这些数据最终证明了一个异常的，微小的和蓝移的频率漂移的存在，以$ \sim 6 \times 10^{-9}$ Hz s $^{-1}$的速率平滑地变化。这些信号，如果被解释为太阳对每个先驱者飞行器的引力，则转化为$a_P = (8.74\pm 1.33) \times 10^{-10}$ m s $^{-2}$的减速。这种向太阳的加速似乎违反了牛顿的平方反比引力定律，被称为先锋异常，其性质仍然难以捉摸。在非线性电动力学（NLED）的理论框架内，我们将在下面讨论这个天体动力学难题，在过去的15年里，它从根本上挑战了我们对引力物理的理解。为此，我们将首先简要回顾先驱者10号和11号任务的历史。然后简要介绍了目前可用的拉格朗日公式的NLED。最后，我们提出了我们的解决方案，这个谜通过调用一个特殊的类的NLED理论具有适当的描述发生在环境中的（电）磁场的强度在背景中是决定性的低的电磁现象。
英文摘要：
A few observational and/or experimental results have dramatically pushed forward the research program on gravity as those from the radio-metric Doppler tracking received from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecrafts when the space vehicles were at heliocentric distances between 20 and 70 Astronomical Units (AU). These data have conclusively demonstrated the presence of an anomalous, tiny and blue-shifted frequency drift that changes smoothly at a rate of $ \sim 6 \times 10^{-9}$ Hz s$^{-1}$. Those signals, if interpreted as a gravitational pull of the Sun on each Pioneer vehicle, translates into a deceleration of $a_P = (8.74\pm 1.33) \times 10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$. This Sunward acceleration appears to be a violation of Newton's inverse-square law of gravitation, and is referred to as the Pioneer anomaly, the nature of which remains still elusive to unveil. Within the theoretical framework of nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) in what follows we will address this astrodynamics puzzle, which over the last fifteen years has challenged in a fundamental basis our understanding of gravitational physics. To this goal we will first, and briefly, review the history of the Pioneers 10 and 11 missions. Then a synopsis of currently available Lagrangian formulations of NLED is given. And finally, we present our solution of this enigma by invoking a special class of NLED theories featuring a proper description of electromagnetic phenomena taking place in environments where the strength of the (electro)magnetic fields in the background is decidedly low.
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