用于防扩散的大规模掺钆水切伦科夫探测器
Large-scale Gadolinium-doped Water Cerenkov Detector for Non-Proliferation
摘要：
特殊核材料（SNM）的裂变事件，如高浓缩铀或钚，可以产生多个中子和高能伽马射线的同时发射。观察到这些粒子之间的时间相关性是裂变物质存在的重要指标。宇宙生成过程也可以模拟这些类型的相关信号。然而，如果背景足够低并且被充分表征，则在存在感兴趣目标的情况下相关事件率的显著变化构成SNM存在的稳健特征。由于裂变辐射是各向同性的，因此对这些多重性的足够灵敏度需要相对于靶具有大立体角的高效率探测器。当需要大立体角覆盖时，水切伦科夫探测器是一种具有成本效益的选择。为了表征大规模水切伦科夫探测器的中子探测性能，我们设计并建造了一个3.5 kL的基于水切伦科夫的伽马射线和中子探测器，并在Geant 4 [1]中建模了探测器响应。我们报告的位置依赖的中子探测效率和能量响应的探测器，以及模拟的基本特性。
英文摘要：
Fission events from Special Nuclear Material (SNM), such as highly enriched uranium or plutonium, can produce simultaneous emission of multiple neutrons and high energy gamma-rays. The observation of time correlations between any of these particles is a significant indicator of the presence of fissionable material. Cosmogenic processes can also mimic these types of correlated signals. However, if the background is sufficiently low and fully characterized, significant changes in the correlated event rate in the presence of a target of interest constitutes a robust signature of the presence of SNM. Since fission emissions are isotropic, adequate sensitivity to these multiplicities requires a high efficiency detector with a large solid angle with respect to the target. Water Cerenkov detectors are a cost-effective choice when large solid angle coverage is required. In order to characterize the neutron detection performance of large-scale water Cerenkov detectors, we have designed and built a 3.5 kL water Cerenkov-based gamma-ray and neutron detector, and modeled the detector response in Geant4 [1]. We report the position-dependent neutron detection efficiency and energy response of the detector, as well as the basic characteristics of the simulation.
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