arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1105.1889astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HEphysics.plasm-phphysics.space-ph
收藏

太阳耀斑中的超高温(T > 30 MK)热等离子体

Super-hot (T > 30 MK) Thermal Plasma in Solar Flares

Amir Caspi

摘要:

太阳提供了一个便利的邻近实验室,可用来研究粒子加速和磁化等离子体中脉冲能量释放的物理过程,这些磁化等离子体发生在整个宇宙,从行星磁层到黑洞吸积盘。太阳耀斑是太阳系中最强大的爆炸,仅在100- 1000秒内释放高达10^32-10^33尔格,将电子加速至数百MeV,将等离子体加热至数十MK。加速的电子和热等离子体各占耀斑总能量的百分之几十,表明粒子加速、等离子体加热和耀斑能量释放之间存在密切联系。拉马迪高能太阳光谱成像仪(RHESSI)以前所未有的光谱、空间和时间分辨率观测到这些过程中从~3 keV到~17 MeV的X射线发射。RHESSI观测表明,“超热”(>30 MK)等离子体温度几乎完全由强烈的GOES X级耀斑实现,并且似乎与超过~170高斯的日冕磁场强度严格相关,这表明磁场和超热等离子体加热之间存在直接联系。2002年7月23日X4.8事件的图像和光谱表明,超热等离子体在光谱和空间上都不同于通常观察到的~10-20 MK等离子体,并且位于较冷的源上方。它甚至在前脉冲阶段也以高密度存在,这是由日冕非热发射主导的,具有可忽略的足迹,这表明,而不是色球蒸发的传统图片,超热等离子体的起源可能是在耀斑环上方的重连区域中加速的环境物质的压缩和随后的热化,这是一个物理上合理的过程,目前的仪器无法探测到,但未来的望远镜可能可以观测到。

英文摘要:

The Sun offers a convenient nearby laboratory to study the physical processes of particle acceleration and impulsive energy release in magnetized plasmas that occur throughout the universe, from planetary magnetospheres to black hole accretion disks. Solar flares are the most powerful explosions in the solar system, releasing up to 10^32-10^33 ergs over only 100-1,000 seconds, accelerating electrons up to hundreds of MeV and heating plasma to tens of MK. The accelerated electrons and the hot plasma each contain tens of percent of the total flare energy, indicating an intimate link between particle acceleration, plasma heating, and flare energy release. The Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) observes the X-ray emission from these processes from ~3 keV to ~17 MeV with unprecedented spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution. RHESSI observations show that "super-hot" (>30 MK) plasma temperatures are achieved almost exclusively by intense, GOES X-class flares and appear to be strictly associated with coronal magnetic field strengths exceeding ~170 Gauss, suggesting a direct link between the magnetic field and heating of super-hot plasma. Images and spectra of the 2002 July 23 X4.8 event reveal that the super-hot plasma is both spectrally and spatially distinct from the commonly-observed ~10-20 MK plasma, and is located above the cooler source. It exists with high density even during the pre-impulsive phase, which is dominated by coronal non-thermal emission with negligible footpoints, suggesting that, rather than the traditional picture of chromospheric evaporation, the origins of super-hot plasma may be the compression and subsequent thermalization of ambient material accelerated in the reconnection region above the flare loop, a physically-plausible process not detectable with current instruments but potentially observable with future telescopes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑