银河系中心S星作为爱因斯坦等效原理的前瞻性检验
Galactic-center S-Stars as a prospective test of the Einstein Equivalence Principle
摘要：
银河系中心区域的S-星被发现处于接近完美的开普勒轨道上，可能围绕着一个超大质量黑洞运行，周期为15-50年。由于这些恒星在近心处达到光速的几个百分点，各种相对论效应被预期，并在文献中进行了讨论。我们认为，一个优雅的爱因斯坦等效原理的测试应该是可能的与现有的仪器，通过光谱监测的S-星集中在近心点附近的几个月，补充了一个已经足够的天体测量确定的倾斜。从本质上讲，S星的光谱可以被认为是一个自由落体框架中的异质时钟系综，它在近心附近以相对论速度移动。
英文摘要：
The S-Stars in the Galactic-center region are found to be on near-perfect Keplerian orbits around presumably a supermassive black hole, with periods of 15-50 yr. Since these stars reach a few percent of light speed at pericenter, various relativistic effects are expected, and have been discussed in the literature. We argue that an elegant test of the Einstein equivalence principle should be possible with existing instruments, through spectroscopic monitoring of an S-star concentrated during the months around pericenter, supplemented with an already-adequate astrometric determination of the inclination. In essence, the spectrum of an S-star can be considered a heterogeneous ensemble of clocks in a freely-falling frame, which near pericenter is moving at relativistic speeds.
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