生活的解决方案并不理想

摘要：

生命存在于离子溶液中，而不是纯水中。这些溶液的离子混合物与水非常不同，对生物系统的细胞和分子有巨大的影响，但理论和模拟无法计算它们的性质。我认为原因是，现有的理论源于理想或简单气体的经典理论，其中（在第一近似下）原子不相互作用。甚至质量作用定律也把反应物描述成理想的。我建议离子溶液的理论应该从复杂流体理论开始，因为该理论从一开始就被设计来处理相互作用。复杂流体的变分理论特别适合于描述像生物细胞内外的溶液这样的混合物。当一个分量或力被添加到一个解决方案中时，该理论仅通过数学推导出一组偏微分方程，该方程自洽地捕获了所产生的相互作用。这种理论已经在生物学相关系统中实现并证明是可计算的，但它尚未在平衡或流动中得到彻底的测试。

英文摘要：

Life occurs in ionic solutions, not pure water. The ionic mixtures of these solutions are very different from water and have dramatic effects on the cells and molecules of biological systems, yet theories and simulations cannot calculate their properties. I suggest the reason is that existing theories stem from the classical theory of ideal or simple gases in which (to a first approximation) atoms do not interact. Even the law of mass action describes reactants as if they were ideal. I propose that theories of ionic solutions should start with the theory of complex fluids because that theory is designed to deal with interactions from the beginning. The variational theory of complex fluids is particularly well suited to describe mixtures like the solutions in and outside biological cells. When a component or force is added to a solution, the theory derives - by mathematics alone - a set of partial differential equations that captures the resulting interactions self-consistently. Such a theory has been implemented and shown to be computable in biologically relevant systems but it has not yet been thoroughly tested in equilibrium or flow.

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