测量均匀磁场梯度和引力加速度的原子干涉技术
Atom interferometric techniques for measuring uniform magnetic field gradients and gravitational acceleration
摘要：
本文讨论了利用两种结构的光栅回波型原子干涉仪来探测作用在冷原子上的恒力效应的技术。在一个新的实验装置中，在一个良好控制的磁环境下，获得了温度低至2.4 $μ$ K的$^{85}$ Rb的激光冷却样品。我们证明了干涉仪信号的寿命接近在这个系统中的渡越时间限制（$\sim 270$ ms），这是相当的拉曼干涉仪实现的时间尺度。使用这些长的时间尺度，我们实验研究均匀的磁场梯度的影响，使用两个和三个脉冲干涉仪，使我们能够感测外部施加的磁场梯度的变化小到$\sim 4 \times 10^{-5}$ G/cm。我们还提供了一个改进的理论描述的干涉仪配置，准确地模拟实验结果所产生的信号。利用该理论，实现了在$3 \times 10^{-4}$ G/cm水平上的$B$梯度的绝对测量。最后，我们对比了两个和三个脉冲干涉仪的重力加速度，$g$的精密测量的适用性。
英文摘要：
We discuss techniques for probing the effects of a constant force acting on cold atoms using two configurations of a grating echo-type atom interferometer. Laser-cooled samples of $^{85}$Rb with temperatures as low as 2.4 $μ$K have been achieved in a new experimental apparatus with a well-controlled magnetic environment. We demonstrate interferometer signal lifetimes approaching the transit time limit in this system ($\sim 270$ ms), which is comparable to the timescale achieved by Raman interferometers. Using these long timescales, we experimentally investigate the influence of a homogeneous magnetic field gradient using two- and three-pulse interferometers, which enable us to sense changes in externally applied magnetic field gradients as small as $\sim 4 \times 10^{-5}$ G/cm. We also provide an improved theoretical description of signals generated by both interferometer configurations that accurately models experimental results. With this theory, absolute measurements of $B$-gradients at the level of $3 \times 10^{-4}$ G/cm are achieved. Finally, we contrast the suitability of the two- and three-pulse interferometers for precision measurements of the gravitational acceleration, $g$.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
