ISS的日冕物理研究者（CPI）实验：理解太阳风加速的新视角
The Coronal Physics Investigator (CPI) Experiment for ISS: A New Vision for Understanding Solar Wind Acceleration
摘要：
2011年2月，我们提出了一项NASA探索者机遇任务计划，以开发和操作一个名为日冕物理研究者（CPI）的大口径紫外日冕光谱仪，作为国际空间站（ISS）的附加有效载荷。该计划的主要目标是确定和表征加热和加速快速和慢速太阳风的主要和次要成分的物理过程。此外，CPI可以进行理解CME所需的关键测量。USCOM/SOHO使我们能够确定需要进行哪些额外的测量来回答有关太阳风流如何产生的基本问题，CPI的下一代功能专门用于进行这些测量。与以前的仪器相比，CPI提供了前所未有的灵敏度，波长范围从25.7到126 nm，更高的时间分辨率，以及测量He II，NV，Ne VII，Ne VIII，Si VIII，S IX，Ar VIII，Ca IX和Fe X的线剖面的能力，以前从未在1.3太阳半径以上的冕洞中见过。CPI将通过以下方式限制日冕MHD波的性质和效应：（1）在大范围的电荷和质量上观察许多离子，（2）提供质子和电子温度的同时测量以探测湍流耗散机制，以及（3）测量低频压缩波动的幅度。CPI是一个内部遮蔽的紫外日冕仪，它提供了所需的高灵敏度，而不需要一个可部署的吊杆，并与所有技术成熟的硬件，包括一个ICCD探测器。经验丰富的探索者和国际空间站承包商L-3 Com集成光学系统和Com系统东部将提供跟踪和指向系统以及仪器，并集成到国际空间站。
英文摘要：
In February 2011 we proposed a NASA Explorer Mission of Opportunity program to develop and operate a large-aperture ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer called the Coronal Physics Investigator (CPI) as an attached International Space Station (ISS) payload. The primary goal of this program is to identify and characterize the physical processes that heat and accelerate the primary and secondary components of the fast and slow solar wind. In addition, CPI can make key measurements needed to understand CMEs. UVCS/SOHO allowed us to identify what additional measurements need to be made to answer the fundamental questions about how solar wind streams are produced, and CPI's next-generation capabilities were designed specifically to make those measurements. Compared to previous instruments, CPI provides unprecedented sensitivity, a wavelength range extending from 25.7 to 126 nm, higher temporal resolution, and the capability to measure line profiles of He II, N V, Ne VII, Ne VIII, Si VIII, S IX, Ar VIII, Ca IX, and Fe X, never before seen in coronal holes above 1.3 solar radii. CPI will constrain the properties and effects of coronal MHD waves by (1) observing many ions over a large range of charge and mass, (2) providing simultaneous measurements of proton and electron temperatures to probe turbulent dissipation mechanisms, and (3) measuring amplitudes of low-frequency compressive fluctuations. CPI is an internally occulted ultraviolet coronagraph that provides the required high sensitivity without the need for a deployable boom, and with all technically mature hardware including an ICCD detector. A highly experienced Explorer and ISS contractor, L-3 Com Integrated Optical Systems and Com Systems East, will provide the tracking and pointing system as well as the instrument, and the integration to the ISS.
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