脂膜动态临界现象的实验观察
Experimental observations of dynamic critical phenomena in a lipid membrane
摘要：
在临界点附近，热致波动的时间尺度以动态普适性类确定的方式发散。实验已经验证了预测的三维动态临界指数在许多系统中，但在二维的情况下，保守的序参量一直缺乏类似的实验。在这里，我们分析了随时间变化的关联函数的准二维脂质双层在水中，以表明其临界动力学同意最近预测的普适类。特别地，有效动态指数$z_{\text{eff}}$从$\sim 2$跨越到$\sim 3$，因为波动的相关长度超过由膜和本体粘度设定的流体动力学长度。
英文摘要：
Near a critical point, the time scale of thermally-induced fluctuations diverges in a manner determined by the dynamic universality class. Experiments have verified predicted 3D dynamic critical exponents in many systems, but similar experiments in 2D have been lacking for the case of conserved order parameter. Here we analyze time-dependent correlation functions of a quasi-2D lipid bilayer in water to show that its critical dynamics agree with a recently predicted universality class. In particular, the effective dynamic exponent $z_{\text{eff}}$ crosses over from $\sim 2$ to $\sim 3$ as the correlation length of fluctuations exceeds a hydrodynamic length set by the membrane and bulk viscosities.
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