ORIGIN: Metal Creation and Evolution from the Cosmic Dawn
J. W. den Herder, L. Piro, T. Ohashi, C. Kouveliotou, D. H. Hartmann, J. S. Kaastra, L. Amati, M. I. Andersen, M. Arnaud, J-L. Attéia, S. Bandler, M. Barbera, X… 展开作者
J. W. den Herder, L. Piro, T. Ohashi, C. Kouveliotou, D. H. Hartmann, J. S. Kaastra, L. Amati, M. I. Andersen, M. Arnaud, J-L. Attéia, S. Bandler, M. Barbera, X. Barcons, S. Barthelmy, S. Basa, S. Basso, M. Boer, E. Branchini, G. Branduardi-Raymont, S. Borgani, A. Boyarsky, G. Brunetti, C. Budtz-Jorgensen, D. Burrows, N. Butler, S. Campana, E. Caroli, M. Ceballos, F. Christensen, E. Churazov, A. Comastri, L. Colasanti, R. Cole, R. Content, A. Corsi, E. Costantini, P. Conconi, G. Cusumano, J. de Plaa, A. De Rosa, M. Del Santo, S. Di Cosimo, M. De Pasquale, R. Doriese, S. Ettori, P. Evans, Y. Ezoe, L. Ferrari, H. Finger, T. Figueroa-Feliciano, P. Friedrich, R. Fujimoto, A. Furuzawa, J. Fynbo, F. Gatti, M. Galeazzi, N. Gehrels, B. Gendre, G. Ghirlanda, G. Ghisellini, M. Gilfanov, P. Giommi, M. Girardi, J. Grindlay, M. Cocchi, O. Godet, M. Guedel, F. Haardt, R. den Hartog, I. Hepburn, W. Hermsen, J. Hjorth, H. Hoekstra, A. Holland, A. Hornstrup, A. van der Horst, A. Hoshino, J. in 't Zand, K. Irwin, Y. Ishisaki, P. Jonker, T. Kitayama, H. Kawahara, N. Kawai, R. Kelley, C. Kilbourne, P. de Korte, A. Kusenko, I. Kuvvetli, M. Labanti, C. Macculi, R. Maiolino, M. Mas Hesse, K. Matsushita, P. Mazzotta, D. McCammon, M. Méndez, R. Mignani, T. Mineo, K. Mitsuda, R. Mushotzky, S. Molendi, L. Moscardini, L. Natalucci, F. Nicastro, P. O'Brien, J. Osborne, F. Paerels, M. Page, S. Paltani, K. Pedersen, E. Perinati, T. Ponman, E. Pointecouteau, P. Predehl, S. Porter, A. Rasmussen, G. Rauw, H. Röttgering, M. Roncarelli, P. Rosati, E. Quadrini, O. Ruchayskiy, R. Salvaterra, S. Sasaki, K. Sato, S. Savaglio, J. Schaye, S. Sciortino, M. Shaposhnikov, R. Sharples, K. Shinozaki, D. Spiga, R. Sunyaev, Y. Suto, Y. Takei, N. Tanvir, M. Tashiro, T. Tamura, Y. Tawara, E. Troja, M. Tsujimoto, T. Tsuru, P. Ubertini, J. Ullom, E. Ursino, F. Verbunt, F. van de Voort, M. Viel, S. Wachter, D. Watson, M. Weisskopf, N. Werner, N. White, R. Willingale, R. Wijers, N. Yamasaki, K. Yoshikawa, S. Zane
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34 pages, 13 figures. ESA Cosmic Vision medium-class mission (M3) proposal. Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy. Including minor corrections in the author list
ORIGIN is a proposal for the M3 mission call of ESA aimed at the study of metal creation from the epoch of cosmic dawn. Using high-spectral resolution in the soft X-ray band, ORIGIN will be able to identify the physical conditions of all abundant elements between C and Ni to red-shifts of z=10, and beyond. The mission will answer questions such as: When were the first metals created? How does the cosmic metal content evolve? Where do most of the metals reside in the Universe? What is the role of metals in structure formation and evolution? To reach out to the early Universe ORIGIN will use Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) to study their local environments in their host galaxies. This requires the capability to slew the satellite in less than a minute to the GRB location. By studying the chemical composition and properties of clusters of galaxies we can extend the range of exploration to lower redshifts (z ~ 0.2). For this task we need a high-resolution spectral imaging instrument with a large field of view. Using the same instrument, we can also study the so far only partially detected baryons in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM). The less dense part of the WHIM will be studied using absorption lines at low redshift in the spectra for GRBs.
Machine Learning and the SKA for Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization
Indian Institute of Technology Indore（印度理工学院印多尔分校）；Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）；University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；University of Nevada Las Vegas（内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校）；The Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)（洛桑联邦理工学院）；ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Yunnan University（云南大学）；Nagoya University（名古屋大学）；Zhejiang Laboratory（浙江实验室）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）
Galaxy Zoo: Cosmic Dawn -- morphological classifications for over 41,000 galaxies in the Euclid Deep Field North from the Hawaii Two-0 Cosmic Dawn survey
The Open University（开放大学）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学）；European Space Agency (ESA)（欧洲航天局）；Haverford College（哈弗福德学院）；Lancaster University（兰卡斯特大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）
SKA-Low simulations for a cosmic dawn/epoch of reionisation deep field
SKA Observatory（SKA天文台）；Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学物理与天文学学院乔德雷尔银行天体物理学中心）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学物理与天文学系）；LUX, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université（巴黎天文台卢克斯实验室，PSL研究大学，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学）；Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所）；INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切特里天文台）；Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris（巴黎高等师范学校物理实验室，PSL大学，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学，巴黎大学）；International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University（科廷大学国际射电天文研究中心）；ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in 3D（ARC三维全天体物理学卓越中心）
A cosmic microscope to probe the Universe from Present to Cosmic Dawn - dual-element low-frequency space VLBI observatory
一项名为宇宙显微镜的天基甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）计划被提议涉及空间中的双VLBI望远镜与巨型地面望远镜（例如，Square Kilometer Array，FAST，Arecibo）对低射频宇宙进行成像，目的是解开宇宙组成部分的紧凑结构，包括超大质量黑洞和双星、双星、天文微波激射器和潜在源，以及系外行星等。工作频段为30、74、330和1670 MHz，支持广泛的科学领域。该飞行任务计划向2，000公里x90，000公里的椭圆轨道发射两个30米直径的射电望远镜。这两台望远镜可以灵活地以多种模式工作：（i）空间-地面VLBI。最大空间-地面基线长度约为100，000公里;它提供了高动态范围成像能力，在低频（1.67千兆赫时为0.4质量，30兆赫时为20质量）具有前所未有的高分辨率，从而能够研究系外行星和超大质量黑洞双星（发射纳赫兹引力波）; ㈡空间-空间单基线甚长基线干涉测量法。这一独特的基线使得能够探测燃烧的氢氧脉泽，并在毫角秒水平上更精确地测量氢氧脉泽和无线电瞬变的位置;（iii）单碟模式，其中每个望远镜可用于监测瞬变脉冲并快速触发后续VLBI观测。大型空间望远镜还将有助于测量和限制再电离时代的总角功率谱。简而言之，宇宙显微镜为天文学家提供了进行新颖的前沿科学的机会。
Extragalactic Planetary Nebulae (xPNe). Chemical evolution and assembly histories of nearby galaxies using Oxygen and Argon abundances. From the local universe to cosmic dawn
