用于天气学X射线研究的具有能量分辨率的大角度OBServaTory（LOBSTER-SXS）
Large-angle OBServaTory with Energy Resolution for Synoptic X-ray Studies (LOBSTER-SXS)
摘要：
软X射线波段比电磁波谱的任何其他区域拥有更大、更多样化的可变源。它们是恒星、致密双星、SMBH、伽马射线暴的X射线成分、它们的X射线余辉和超新星的软X射线耀斑。我们描述了一个非常宽的领域（~ 4 ster）的模块化混合X射线望远镜系统，可以测量位置的爆发和快速瞬变一样好的弧秒精度，所需的精度，以确定更微弱，越来越遥远的事件。所有望远镜模块的尺寸和材料都是相同的。除了两个之外，所有的望远镜都是圆柱形龙虾眼望远镜的一部分，它有平面双面镜，在一个维度上聚焦，在另一个维度上利用编码掩模进行分辨率。它们的定位精度大约是一个弧分。剩下的两个模块由相同的材料制成，但被配置为具有更长焦距的柯克帕特里克-贝兹望远镜，聚焦在二维空间。当它指向时，它将混合望远镜的角分位置精确到角秒，并为光谱和时间测量提供更大的有效区域。在10 keV以上，反射镜充当具有定位能力的成像准直器。对于短持续时间的事件，这种混合聚焦/编码掩模系统比2D编码掩模或2D龙虾眼望远镜更灵敏和通用。随着制造大面积CCD和CMOS探测器阵列的能力的提高，非常宽视场的X射线望远镜已经变得可行。该仪器在软X射线波段的功能与Swift在硬X射线波段的功能相似，但在软X射线波段的快瞬变变化更大。一种比目前的宽场X射线探测器灵敏度高得多的仪器将与美国宇航局的一项适度的探索者任务兼容。
英文摘要：
The soft X-ray band hosts a larger, more diverse range of variable sources than any other region of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are stars, compact binaries, SMBH's, the X-ray components of Gamma-Ray Bursts, their X-ray afterglows, and soft X-ray flares from supernova. We describe a concept for a very wide field (~ 4 ster) modular hybrid X-ray telescope system that can measure positions of bursts and fast transients with as good as arc second accuracy, the precision required to identify fainter and increasingly more distant events. The dimensions and materials of all telescope modules are identical. All but two are part of a cylindrical lobster-eye telescope with flat double sided mirrors that focus in one dimension and utilize a coded mask for resolution in the other. Their positioning accuracy is about an arc minute. The two remaining modules are made from the same materials but configured as a Kirkpatrick-Baez telescope with longer focal length that focuses in two dimensions. When pointed it refines the hybrid telescope's arc minute positions to an arc second and provides larger effective area for spectral and temporal measurements. Above 10 keV the mirrors act as an imaging collimator with positioning capability. For short duration events this hybrid focusing/coded mask system is more sensitive and versatile than either a 2D coded mask or a 2D lobster-eye telescope. Very wide field X-ray telescopes have become feasible as the ability to fabricate large area arrays of CCD and CMOS detectors has improved. This instrument's function in the soft X-ray band is similar to that of Swift in hard X-ray band and there are a greater variety of fast transients in the soft X-ray band. An instrument with considerably more sensitivity than current wide field X-ray detectors would be compatible with a modest NASA Explorer mission.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
