利用频率合成光对磁阱原子的最小破坏探测
Minimally-destructive detection of magnetically-trapped atoms using frequency-synthesised light
摘要：
提出了一种利用双频相干合成光束产生的非共振相移测量原子密度的方法。我们已经用这个计划来测量磁囚禁原子云的柱密度，并通过一百多个非破坏性的局部密度测量来实时监测云的振荡。对于使用持续约10微秒的10，000 - 100，000个光子的脉冲的测量，精度受到光子和光电二极管雪崩的统计的限制。我们探讨了测量精度与原子从陷阱中不必要的损失之间的关系，并引入了一个表征它的品质因数，这种方法可以用来探测BEC的密度，其相位的干扰最小。
英文摘要：
We present a technique for atomic density measurements by the off-resonant phase-shift induced on a two-frequency, coherently-synthesised light beam. We have used this scheme to measure the column density of a magnetically trapped atom cloud and to monitor oscillations of the cloud in real time by making over a hundred non-destructive local density measurments. For measurements using pulses of 10,000-100,000 photons lasting ~10 microsecond, the precision is limited by statistics of the photons and the photodiode avalanche. We explore the relationship between measurement precision and the unwanted loss of atoms from the trap and introduce a figure of merit that characterises it. This method can be used to probe the density of a BEC with minimal disturbance of its phase.
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