地球的长寿马蹄铁伴侣
A long-lived horseshoe companion to the Earth
摘要：
本文对新发现的小行星2010 SO 16进行了动力学研究，发现它是地球的马蹄形伴星。该天体的绝对星等（H=20.7）使其成为迄今为止已知的最大的天体。通过对动力学克隆进行数值积分，我们发现：（a）考虑到目前星历表的精度，它作为马蹄形小行星的地位是可靠的;（b）它与地球发生马蹄形天平动的时间是10 ^5年的好几倍，比地球上其他马蹄形小行星所确定的时间长两个数量级。此外，使用一个模型的基础上希尔的近似三体问题，我们表明，除了低偏心率，防止密切接触其他行星或地球本身，它的稳定性可以归因于其雅可比常数的值远离制度，允许过渡到其他共轨模式或逃避共振。我们提供的证据表明，从马蹄形天平动的小行星的最终逃逸是由行星的长期摄动和偏心率的随机演变的行动。讨论了它的起源和地球上尚未发现的共轨伴星的存在问题。
英文摘要：
We present a dynamical investigation of a newly found asteroid, 2010 SO16, and the discovery that it is a horseshoe companion of the Earth. The object's absolute magnitude (H=20.7) makes this the largest object of its type known to-date. By carrying out numerical integrations of dynamical clones, we find that (a) its status as a horseshoe is secure given the current accuracy of its ephemeris, and (b) the time spent in horseshoe libration with the Earth is several times 10^5 yr, two orders of magnitude longer than determined for other horseshoe asteroids of the Earth. Further, using a model based on Hill's approximation to the three-body problem, we show that, apart from the low eccentricity which prevents close encounters with other planets or the Earth itself, its stability can be attributed to the value of its Jacobi constant far from the regime that allows transitions into other coorbital modes or escape from the resonance altogether. We provide evidence that the eventual escape of the asteroid from horseshoe libration is caused by the action of planetary secular perturbations and the stochastic evolution of the eccentricity. The questions of its origin and the existence of as-yet-undiscovered co-orbital companions of the Earth are discussed.
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