对热力学第二定律Caratheodory原理的批判
A Critique on Caratheodory Principle of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
摘要：
Caratheodory对第二定律的公理化表述被认为是定律表述的标准形式之一。然而，它陷入了高等数学的泥潭。该公式受到马克斯·普朗克的强烈批评，因为它是基于对绝热过程和绝热可达性的分析。一个热力学过程只有在同时满足第一定律和第二定律时才是可能的。只有当一个过程满足第一定律时，才说它违反了第二定律，并且违反了第二定律。我们在这里表明，违反第二定律的Caratheodory原则违反了第一定律本身。换句话说，绝热不可达性的出现只是违反第一定律的结果。这一点，我们证明了假设，在矛盾的Caratheodory的原则，认为绝热不可达的国家作为绝热可达，并证明该假设不会导致悖论-从而表明，绝热不可达的出现作为违反第一定律的结果。
英文摘要：
Caratheodory's axiomatic formulation of the second law is considered as one of the standard forms of formulation of the law. However, it was mired in advanced mathematics. The formulation was strongly criticized by Max Planck, for it was based on the analysis of adiabatic processes and adiabatic accessibility. A thermodynamic process is said to be possible only if it satisfies both first law and the second law. A process is said to violate the second law only when it satisfies the first law, and violate the second law. We show here that violation of Caratheodory principle of the second law violates the first law itself. In other words, adiabatic inaccessibility arises only as a consequence of violation of the first law. This we demonstrate by assuming, in contradiction to Caratheodory's principle, that the states considered adiabatically inaccessible as adiabatically accessible, and prove that the assumption leads to no paradox - thereby showing that the adiabatic inaccessibility arises as a result of violation of the first law.
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