二维光学超晶格中任意自旋的Dirac-Weyl费米子
Dirac-Weyl fermions with arbitrary spin in two-dimensional optical superlattices
摘要：
狄拉克-外尔费米子是一种无质量的相对论性粒子，具有明确的螺旋度，出现在高能物理的背景下。在这里，我们提出了一个量子模拟这些范式费米子使用多组分超冷原子在一个二维正方形光晶格。我们发现，激光辅助的自旋相关跳跃，特别是调谐到$(2s+1)$维表示的$\mathfrak{su}$（2）李代数，直接导致一个制度，其中出现的无质量激发对应于狄拉克-外尔费米子与任意的赝自旋$s$。我们发现，这个平台主机两个不同的阶段：半金属相，发生在半整数$s$，和金属相，其中包含一个平坦的零能带整数$s$。这些阶段主机的各种有趣的效果，如一个非常丰富的反常量子霍尔效应和显着的多重约束克莱因隧道。此外，我们表明，这些影响是直接相关的基础Dirac-Weyl物种和零模式的数量。
英文摘要：
Dirac-Weyl fermions are massless relativistic particles with a well-defined helicity which arise in the context of high-energy physics. Here we propose a quantum simulation of these paradigmatic fermions using multicomponent ultracold atoms in a two-dimensional square optical lattice. We find that laser-assisted spin-dependent hopping, specifically tuned to the $(2s+1)$-dimensional representations of the $\mathfrak{su}$(2) Lie algebra, directly leads to a regime where the emerging massless excitations correspond to Dirac-Weyl fermions with arbitrary pseudospin $s$. We show that this platform hosts two different phases: a semimetallic phase that occurs for half-integer $s$, and a metallic phase that contains a flat zero-energy band at integer $s$. These phases host a variety of interesting effects, such as a very rich anomalous quantum Hall effect and a remarkable multirefringent Klein tunneling. In addition we show that these effects are directly related to the number of underlying Dirac-Weyl species and zero modes.
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