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arXiv 1102.4824gr-qc
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从相对论度规引力理论看脉冲星对引力波的时间敏感性

Pulsar Timing Sensitivities to Gravitational Waves from Relativistic Metric Theories of Gravity

Marcio Eduardo da Silva Alves, Massimo Tinto

摘要:

脉冲星计时实验旨在探测引力辐射已经进行了几十年。随着能够跟踪多个毫秒级恒星的大型阵列的即将建造,我们很可能能够在纳赫兹波段首次探测到引力辐射,并通过测量探测到的信号的偏振分量来检验爱因斯坦的相对论。由于最广义的相对论度规引力理论预测的引力波考虑了{ \it six}个偏振模式(通常的两个爱因斯坦张量偏振以及两个矢量和两个标量波分量),我们估计了单天线对这六个偏振的灵敏度。我们发现脉冲星计时实验是显着更敏感,在他们的整个观测频带($\approx 10^{-9} - 10^{-6}$ Hz),标量纵向和矢量波比标量横向和张量波。例如,在$10^{-7}$ Hz和距离为$1$ kpc的标量星上,我们估计对标量纵波的平均灵敏度比对张量波的灵敏度好两个数量级以上。我们的结果意味着,通过脉冲星计时直接探测引力辐射将导致对广义相对论的检验,这比基于监测双星系统轨道周期衰减的检验更为严格。

英文摘要:

Pulsar timing experiments aimed at the detection of gravitational radiation have been performed for decades now. With the forthcoming construction of large arrays capable of tracking multiple millisecond pulsars, it is very likely we will be able to make the first detection of gravitational radiation in the nano-Hertz band, and test Einstein's theory of relativity by measuring the polarization components of the detected signals. Since a gravitational wave predicted by the most general relativistic metric theory of gravity accounts for {\it six} polarization modes (the usual two Einstein's tensor polarizations as well as two vector and two scalar wave components), we have estimated the single-antenna sensitivities to these six polarizations. We find pulsar timing experiments to be significantly more sensitive, over their entire observational frequency band ($\approx 10^{-9} - 10^{-6}$ Hz), to scalar-longitudinal and vector waves than to scalar-transverse and tensor waves. At $10^{-7}$ Hz and with pulsars at a distance of $1$ kpc, for instance, we estimate an average sensitivity to scalar-longitudinal waves that is more than two orders of magnitude better than the sensitivity to tensor waves. Our results imply that a direct detection of gravitational radiation by pulsar timing will result into a test of the theory of general relativity that is more stringent than that based on monitoring the decay of the orbital period of a binary system.

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